Documents • Iowa State University • Avian Archives of Iowa Online

Title	Genres	Topics	Date (Start)	Date (End)	Type	Description	Creator/Author	Birds	Locations	Locality	Habitat	Remarks

Rare bird documentation form for Mute Swan at Mason City, 1982	Clippings (information artifacts) Field notes Forms (documents)	Birds--Identification Ornithology Rare birds	1982-04-01	1983-03-29	Rare birds documentation form	Rare bird documentation form for a Mute Swan at Lake Cona Toma in Mason City in Cerro Gordo County, IA on April 1982. It also includes an article "Sign of spring" in the Mason City Globe Gazette on March 22, 1983 about the bird sighting.	Powell, John M., 1913-1995	Mute Swan	Lake Cona Toma	Mason City, Iowa - Lake Conatoma [sic]	Man made lake -13 acres-	The documentation form by John M. Powell is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include wife, daughter, grandson, and 47 residents. \| Elimination of similar species: Whistling Swan - Black straight bill - Pictures for proof. Orange bill with black knob at base is Mute Swan. \| The original documentation form event occurred in the morning and evening.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	32	29
Rare bird documentation form for Pine Warbler at Mason City, 1997	Field notes	Birds--Identification Ornithology Rare birds	1997-04-26	1997-06-02	Rare birds documentation form	Rare bird documentation form for a Pine Warbler at Mason City in Cerro Gordo County, IA on April 26, 1997.	Fischer, Carolyn J.	Pine Warbler	Mason City	yard, Mason City Cerro Gordo Co.	Trees, open area along creek -	The documentation form by Carolyn Fischer is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. \| Elimination of similar species: thought possible a yellow-throated vireo, but didn't have a hooked bill - had a line through eye - Didn't have a gray rump - \| The original documentation form event lasted from 09:30:00/10:20:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	35	29
Rare bird documentation form for Red-tailed Hawk near Fraser, 1999	Field notes	Birds--Identification Ornithology Rare birds	1999-01-01	N/A	Rare birds documentation form	Rare bird documentation form for a Red-tailed Hawk on the Big Eddy portion of Des Moines River east of Fraser in Boone County, IA on January 1, 1999.	Healy, Kevin	Red-tailed Hawk	Fraser	Big Eddy portion of Des Moines River about 1 mile east of Fraser IA.		The documentation form by Kevin Healy is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Rosanne Healy, Amy Yoakum, and Molly Havlik. \| The original documentation form event occurred around 11:00:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	33	29
Rare bird documentation form for Red-tailed Hawk at Willow Slough Public Hunting Area in 1982	Field notes	Birds--Identification Ornithology Rare birds	1982-03-13	1982-04-10	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Rare bird documentation form for a Red-tailed Hawk at Willow Slough Public Hunting Area in Mills County, IA on March 13, 25, 27, and April 10, 1982.	Wilson, Barbara L.	Red-tailed Hawk	Willow Slough State Game Management Area				Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	33	29
Rare bird documentation form for Red-tailed Hawk at Hickory Hill Park, 1981	Field notes	Birds--Identification Ornithology Rare birds	1981-11-16	1981-12-01	Rare birds documentation form	Rare bird documentation form for a Red-tailed Hawk at Hickory Hill Park in Iowa City in Johnson County, IA on November 16, 1981.	Newlon, Michael C.	Red-tailed Hawk	Hickory Hill Park	N side Hickory Hill Park, Iowa City, Johnson Co IA	pastures/hedgerows/woods	The documentation form by Mike Newlon is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. \| Elimination of similar species: Lack of immaculate primaries, rusty on tail tend to eliminate rough-leg. Tail pattern suggests Harlan's r.t. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 08:30:00/08:45:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	33	29
Rare bird documentation form for Mute Swan at Northwestern States Portland Cement Co. (Lehigh Cement Co. now) in Mason City, 1988	Field notes Forms (documents)	Birds--Identification Ornithology Rare birds	1988-12-17	N/A	Rare birds documentation form	Rare bird documentation form for Mute Swan at Northwestern State Portland Cement Co. (Lehigh Cement Co. now) in Mason City in Cerro Gordo County, IA on December 17, 1988.	Walter, Janice L.	Mute Swan	Mason City	Northwestern States Portland Cement Co., Mason City, Ia.	Open water pond on cement plant grounds	The documentation form by Jan L. Walter is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Jim Walter, Curt Nelson, and plant workers. \| Elimination of similar species: Size, color, and shape eliminate all but Tundra and Trumpeter Swans. Neck curve and bill coloration eliminate them. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 13:25:00/13:35:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	32	29
Rare bird documentation form for Mute Swan at Mississippi River in Scott County, 1986	Field notes Forms (documents)	Birds--Identification Ornithology Rare birds	1986-12-21	1986-12-26	Rare birds documentation form	Rare bird documentation form for a Mute Swan at Mississippi River downriver from Alcoa pumping house in Scott County, IA on December 21, 1986.	Petersen, Peter C.	Mute Swan	Scott County	Mississippi River just downstream from Alcoa pumping house Scott Co.	River shoreline - mid-river	The documentation form by Peter C. Petersen is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Mary Lou Petersen and Tim Brush. \| Elimination of similar species: Tundra and Trumpeter Swans have almost entirely black bills. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 10:30:00/10:45:00 on December 21, 1986 and 14:07:00/14:10:00 on December 24, 1986.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	32	29
Rare bird documentation form for Mute Swan at Mud Lake, 1984	Field notes Forms (documents)	Birds--Identification Ornithology Rare birds	1984-03-15	1984-03-19	Rare birds documentation form	Rare bird documentation form for a Mute Swan at Mud Lake in Smith Slough in Clay County, IA on March 15, 1984.	Dinsmore, James J.	Mute Swan	Mud Lake	outlet of Mud Lake into Smith Slough, Clay County,	small channel leading into pond; in open water but most of surrounding ponds still frozen	The documentation form by James Dinsmore is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Mike Brown and Fred Heinz. \| Elimination of similar species: Snow Goose much too large, by comparison with Canada Geese. Tundra Swan/Trumpeter Swan by combination of bill color, knob on head, wing posture. \| The original documentation form event occurred around 18:00:00 on March 15th 07:30:00 on March 16th.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	32	29
Rare bird documentation form for Mute Swan at the Mississippi River near Le Claire, 1982	Field notes Forms (documents)	Birds--Identification Ornithology Rare birds	1982-02-21	N/A	Rare birds documentation form	Rare bird documentation form for a Mute Swan at the Mississippi River near Le Claire in Scott County, IA on February 21, 1982.	Hollis, Richard Jule	Mute Swan	Le Claire	Miss. River between I80 & Le Clair [sic]		The documentation form by Rick Hollis is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Tom Kent and Carl Bendorf. \| Elimination of similar species: The points about (#2-4) eliminate both the Whistling & Trumpeter Swans. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 08:20:00/08:30:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	32	29
Rare bird documentation form for Mute Swan at St. Mary's in Warren County, 1979	Field notes Forms (documents)	Birds--Identification Ornithology Rare birds	1979-04-10	N/A	Rare birds documentation form	Rare bird documentation form for a Red-tailed Hawk at St. Mary's in Warren County, IA on April 10, 1979.	Brown, Woodward H.	Mute Swan	Saint Marys	3 miles south of St Mary's. Warren Co., IA in farm pond	pastures/hedgerows/woods	The documentation form by Woodward H. Brown is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Richard Mooney, Margaret Brooke, Jeannette Eyerly, Eugene Armstrong, and Eloise Armstrong. \| Elimination of similar species: Whistling Swan - smooth bill, neck less curved. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 13:00:00/13:30:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	32	29
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Thayer's Gull at Lake Manawa, 1981	Administrative records Clippings (information artifacts) Correspondence Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1981-03-19	1993-08-26	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for two Thayer's Gulls at Lake Manawa in Pottawattamie County, IA on March 19, 1981. Includes a record review document with votes, correspondence and comments about the sighting, an article in Iowa Bird Life, and four documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Silcock, W. Ross	Thayer's Gull	Lake Manawa	Lake Manawa, Pottawattamie County, Iowa.		The documentation form by Ross Silcock is the earliest and the one that forms the basis of this record. Other documentation forms by Thomas H. Kent, Peter C. Petersen, and Robert K. Myers were submitted later. Other observers include Tom Shires, James Kovanda, Sandra Kovanda, Tanya Bray, Babs Padelford, Loren Padelford, B.J. Rose, and four unidentified other observers. \| Elimination of similar species: The above description separates by direct comparison first-year Thayer's and Herring Gulls, the most similar species present. Thayer's may be confused in first year plumage with Kumlien's form of Iceland Gull, but the Thayer's had primaries slightly darker than the mantle (from above), whereas the opposite occurs in Iceland Gull (Lehman). Lehman also notes that some first-year Western Gulls may show translucent primaries from below in certain light, but these observations took place in excellent light at fairly close range. \| The original documentation form event lasted from approximately 09:30:00/11:00:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	11	3
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Western Sandpiper at Babcock Access at Coralville Reservoir, 1990	Administrative records Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1990-10-13	1993-07-17	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of a Western Sandpiper at Babcock Access at Coralville Reservoir in Johnson County, IA on October 13, 1990. Includes a record review document with votes and a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Kent, Thomas H. (Thomas Hugh), 1934-	Western Sandpiper	Babcock Access	Babcock Access, Coralville Res., Johnson Co. Iowa.	mud flats with shallow pools	The documentation form by Thomas H. Kent is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Dick Tetrault. \| Elimination of similar species: The size and shape in comparison with Baird's Sandpiper establish this bird as a peep. The black legs, gray color, and lack of bib exclude Least Sandpiper (several of which were seen earlier). The distinction from Semipalmated Sandpiper is based on the bill and apparent molt to basic plumage. Five minutes earlier I had seen two Semipalmated Sandpipers running on the other side of the area; they had short straight bills and had all feathers of the upper parts edged with buff (juvenile plumage). I had seen a number of Semipalmated Sandpipers with longer and slightly drooped bills this fall, but none approached the length, thinness, and droop seen on the current bird. According to Kenn Kaufman's Advanced Birding, Semipalmated Sandpipers wear their juvenile plumage until they reach wintering grounds, and juvenile Western Sandpipers gradually molt from juvenile to basic plumage from August to October with some retaining rusty scapulars. I assume, based on date, that this bird was probably a first-year bird, and that it had either completely molted to basic plumage or had some rusty scapulars that I did not see. I did not consider any of the Eurasian stints, which would be exceeding unlikely and have bills more like a semipalmated or have yellow legs. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 10:15:00/10:20:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	10	3
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Black-bellied Whistling-Duck at Boone, 1987	Administrative records Field notes Maps (documents)	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1987-05-29	1996-04-24	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of a Black-bellied Whistling-Duck near Boone in Boone County, IA on May 29, 1987. Includes a record review document with votes, a map of the sighting, and a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Espeland, Steven R.	Black-bellied Whistling-Duck	Boone	County: Boone Location in detail: Observed standing in shallows of ~0.25 A. farm pond located on Eilene Glover acreage NW of Boon, Iowa (see map)	Farm pond w/ random stands of cattails, sedges etc.	The documentation form by Steven R. Espeland is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. \| Elimination of similar species: Fulvous Whistling Duck - Lacks distinctive wing patches and pink bill, legs and feet. \| The original documentation form event occurred at 18:00:00 and from 19:00:00/20:00:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	8	3
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Western Sandpiper at Big Creek Lake, 1988	Administrative records Correspondence Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1988-10-09	1993-08-04	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for a Western Sandpiper at Big Creek Lake in Polk County, IA on October 9, 1988. Includes a record review document with votes, correspondence about the sighting by Guy McCaskie, Kim Eckert, and Bruce Peterjohn, and a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Johnson, Ann	Western Sandpiper	Big Creek Lake	Big Creek Wildlife Area, Polk Co., IA	Mudflats from low water on freshwater lake	The documentation form by Ann Johnson is only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Mike Thomas. \| Elimination of similar species: Although I understand the difficulty in identification of fall western sandpipers, the Baird's and white-rumped were eliminated because of wing length. The least sandpiper was eliminated by leg color and bill shape/size. The most difficult elimination was that of the semipalmateds, especially since other semipals were present in the area. After careful observation and comparison, however, the prototypical western sandpiper bill was too obvious to make the bird into a semipalmated. The bill was enough longer and had an obvious droop. The others in the area had varying bill sizes but none had the general shape of this bird. Consequently, I believe this was a late date western sandpiper. \| The original documentation form event lasted from approximately 15:00:00/15:10:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	10	3
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Western Sandpiper at Saylorville Reservoir, 1988	Administrative records Correspondence Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1988-10-08	1993-08-04	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of a Western Sandpiper at Saylorville Reservoir in Polk County, IA on October 8, 1988. Includes a record review document with votes, correspondence about the bird sighting, and a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Dinsmore, Stephen J.	Western Sandpiper	Saylorville Lake	Saylorville Reservoir, Polk Co.-north end of reservoir	feeding in shallow water adjacent to mudflat with other shorebirds	The documentation form by Steve Dinsmore is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Andy Fix. \| Elimination of similar species: see above [...] The bird was roughly 25% smaller than a Pectoral Sandpiper. [...] Note that we saw a single Semipalmated Sandpiper in the same flock of shorebirds. The Semipalmated Sandpiper had a shorter, thicker bill, more of a brown wash on the breast, and frequented the edge of the mudflat rather than wading in the water. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 15:30:00/16:45:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	10	3
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Merlin in southwest Chickasaw, 1990	Administrative records Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1990-06-03	1993-07-17	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of a Merlin in southwest Chickasaw County, IA on June 3, 1990. Includes a record review document with votes and a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Cecil, Robert I.	Merlin	Chickasaw County	S.W. Chickasaw Co.	Fence row in row-cropped ag. land	The documentation form by Robert Cecil is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. \| Elimination of similar species: No other small falcon has uniform dark brown back and upper wing surface. It was much too small to be a female Peregrine. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 15:45:00/15:45:05.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	9	3
Rare bird documentation form for American Wigeon at Willow Slough, 1982	Field notes	Birds--Identification Ornithology Rare birds	1982-08-07	1982-11-24	Rare birds documentation form	Rare bird documentation form for American Wigeon at Willow Slough in Mills County, IA on August 7, 1982.	Wilson, Barbara L.	American Wigeon	Willow Slough State Game Management Area	Willow Slough, Mills County, Iowa		The documentation form by Barbara L. Wilson is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. \| Elimination of similar species: Uniformly brown head eliminates Wood Duck. Normal bill eliminates Shoveler. Size + rusty sides, lack of white in tail (not mentioned above) eliminates Mallard. Size + rusty sides eliminate Blue-winged Teal. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 19:55:00/20:00:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	33	3
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Black-bellied Whistling-Duck at Columbus Junction, 1999	Administrative records Correspondence Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1999-04-25	2000-11-28	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of a Black-bellied Whistling-Duck at Columbus Junction in Louisa County, IA on April 25, 1999. Includes a record review document with votes, an e-mail about the bird sighting, and a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Kent, Thomas H. (Thomas Hugh), 1934-	Black-bellied Whistling-Duck	Columbus Junction	2 miles north of Columbus Junction, Louisa Co., Iowa	A backwater slough adjacent to highway 70 and close to the Iowa River	The documentation form by Thomas H. Kent is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Ted Allen, Bill Ohde, and Jim Dinsmore. \| Elimination of similar species: Fulvous Whistling-Duck lacks the gray face, orange bill, and white wing patch.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	8	3
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Black-bellied Whistling-Duck at Tomahawk Marsh, 1998	Administrative records Clippings (information artifacts) Field notes Maps (documents) Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1998-04-10	2000-11-24	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of a Black-bellied Whistling-Duck at Tomahawk Marsh in Sac County on April 10, 1998. Includes a record review document with votes, a photograph, an article in Iowa Bird Life, a map of one of the sightings, and seven documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Reisz, Russell	Black-bellied Whistling-Duck	Tomahawk Marsh Wildlife Management Area	Tomahawk Marsh, Sac County, Iowa	marsh, wetland	The documentation form by Russell Reisz is the earliest and the one that forms the basis of this record. Other documentation forms by Peter Ernzen, Thomas H. Kent, Jim Fuller, Dick Tetrault, Chris Edwards, and Mark Proescholdt were submitted later. Other observers include Beth Proescholdt. \| Elimination of similar species: Fulvous Whistling-duck is the most similar species. This species was eliminated because it has a different bill color and a different leg color than the Black-bellied Whistling-duck. The Fulvous Whistling-duck also lacks the white wing patch and the dark belly of the Black-bellied Whistling-duck. These were all points of identification for the species seen at Tomahawk Marsh. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 19:58:00/19:58:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	8	3
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Black-bellied Whistling-Duck at Big Marsh, 1993	Administrative records Clippings (information artifacts) Correspondence Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1993-11-01	1996-04-25	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of a Black-bellied Whistling-Duck at Big Marsh in Butler County, IA on November 1, 1993. Includes a record review document with votes, correspondence about the bird sighting, two photographs, an article in The Southwestern Naturalist, and a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Dinsmore, James J.	Black-bellied Whistling-Duck	Big Marsh Wildlife Area	Big Marsh	freshwater marsh	The documentation form by Jim Dinsmore is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Rodney Steere. \| Elimination of similar species: Nothing it could be confused with	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	8	3
Rare bird documentation form for Lesser Golden-Plover at Forney Lake, 1988	Field notes	Birds--Identification Ornithology Rare birds	1988-11-23	1988-11-26	Rare birds documentation form	Rare bird documentation form for a Lesser Golden-Plover at Forney Lake in Fremont County, IA on November 23, 1988.	Dinsmore, Stephen J.	American Golden Plover	Forneys Lake	Forney L., Fremont Co.	with Killdeer on large mudflat	The documentation form by Steve Dinsmore is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. \| Elimination of similar species: The dark rump and white underwing eliminates Black-bellied Plover. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 13:15:00/14:15:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	34	3
Rare bird documentation form for American Golden-Plover at West Amana, 1986	Field notes	Birds--Identification Ornithology Rare birds	1986-11-16	N/A	Rare birds documentation form	Rare bird documentation form for an American Golden-Plover at West Amana in Iowa County, IA on November 16, 1986.	Haldy, Lanny	American Golden Plover	West Amana	West Amana - grass, field		The documentation form by Lanny Haldy is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 11:30:00/11:40:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	34	3
Rare bird documentation form for American Golden-Plover at Sugar Bottom Recreation Area at Coralville Reservoir, 1978	Field notes	Birds--Identification Ornithology Rare birds	1978-09-20	N/A	Rare birds documentation form	Rare bird documentation form for a American Golden-Plover at Sugar Bottom Recreation Area at Coralville Reservoir in Johnson County, IA on September 20, 1978.	Halmi, Nicholas S.	American Golden Plover	Sugar Bottom Campground	Sugar Bottom Recreation Area by Coralville Reservoir, Johnson Co., Iowa	grainy-sandy uplands - periphery of short span-sand picnic. RV camping area on N shore of Coralville Reservoir, with sandy [illegible] extending into water.	The documentation form by Nicholas S. Halmi is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Thomas H. Kent and Thomas K. Shires. \| Elimination of similar species: gestalt and most details like lesser golden Plover, but very distinct white wingstripe incongruous. \| The original documentation form event occurred around 09:30:00/09:50:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	34	3
Rare bird documentation form for American Golden-Plover at Sugar Bottom in Coralville Reservoir, 1980	Field notes	Birds--Identification Ornithology Rare birds	1980-11-22	N/A	Rare birds documentation form	Rare bird documentation form for two American Golden-Plover at Sugar Bottom in Coralville Reservoir in Johnson County, IA on November 22, 1980.	Kent, Thomas H. (Thomas Hugh), 1934-	American Golden Plover	Sugar Bottom Campground	Sugar Bottom, Coralville Lake, Johnson Co, Iowa	Open grazing area adjacent to reservoir - Sugar Bottom	The documentation form by Thomas H. Kent is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Joe Schaufenbuel, Bob Myers, Francis Moore, and Russell Hays. \| Elimination of similar species: Black-bellied Plover. \| The original documentation form event occurred around 11:30:00/11:35:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	34	3
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Black-bellied Whistling-Duck at Ingham Lake, 1988	Administrative records Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1988-10-23	1996-04-24	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of a Black-bellied Whistling-Duck at Ingham Lake in Emmet County on October 23, 1988. Includes a record review document with votes and a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Hartwig, Thomas P.	Black-bellied Whistling-Duck	Ingham Lake State Game Management Area	Ingham lake, Emmet County - on Refuge	Duck was seen standing on a rock and then it went into the water for a little while, then back on the rock	The documentation form by Tom Hartwig is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Doug Lemke. \| Elimination of similar species: Left unmolested.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	8	3