Documents • Iowa State University • Avian Archives of Iowa Online

Title	Genres	Topics	Date (Start)	Date (End)	Type	Description	Creator/Author	Birds	Locations	Locality	Remarks

Photograph of an egg within an egg	Photographs	Birds--Eggs	N/A	N/A	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	An egg nestled inside of another egg shell that has been cracked open with the top half missing. Photograph originally titled "Egg within an egg."	Rosene, Walter, 1880-1941					Walter M. Rosene, Sr. Papers \| MS 589	19	16
Photograph of three Red-shouldered Hawks in a nest	Photographs	Birds--Infancy	1941-05-18	N/A	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Three Red-shouldered Hawks in a nest located fifty feet up in a cottonwood tree near the High Bridge, May 18, 1941. Photograph originally titled "Red-shouldered hawks in nest." Rosene provides details on back of photograph.	Rosene, Walter, 1880-1941	Red-shouldered Hawk	Boone County			Walter M. Rosene, Sr. Papers \| MS 589	19	15
Photograph of a Bell's Vireo feeding young	Photographs	Birds--Infancy	1940-06-30	N/A	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	A Bell's Vireo perching by a nest, feeding the young inside, June 30, 1940. Photograph originally titled "Bell's vireo feeding young." Rosene provides details on back of photograph.	Rosene, Walter, 1880-1941	Bell's Vireo				Walter M. Rosene, Sr. Papers \| MS 589	19	14
Photograph of a group on a bird hike	Photographs	Bird watchers	1935-08-01	1935-08-31	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	A group of several men and women, many with binoculars, on a bird hike near McGregor, August 1935. Photograph originally titled "Group on a bird hike." Rosene provides details on back of photograph.			McGregor			Walter M. Rosene, Sr. Papers \| MS 589	19	11
Photograph of Iowa Ornithologists' Union presidents	Photographs	Bird watchers Ornithology--Societies, etc	1933-05-06	N/A	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	A group photo of the former Iowa Ornithologists' Union presidents who held the position from 1923-1932 and the 1933 president, May 6, 1933. From left to right: Dr. George O. Hendrickson (1933-1934), Dr. F.L.R. Roberts (1931-1932), Walter W. Bennett (1929-1930), Arthur J. Palas (1927-1928) and Walter M. Rosene (1923-1926). The photograph was reproduced in the June, 1933, issue of "Iowa Bird Life." Photograph originally titled "Group photo of IOU presidents." Rosene provides details on back of photograph.	Pierce, Fred J.		Fairfield			Walter M. Rosene, Sr. Papers \| MS 589	19	9
Narrative and photograph of a Bobwhite Quail tragedy	Photographs Narratives (literary works)	Birds--Nests Eggs--Incubation Birds--Anecdotes	N/A	N/A	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Details and photograph of a Bobwhite Quail nest with six Quail eggs and two hen eggs. The mother Bobwhite Quail brooded all eight eggs, but deserted the nest once one of the hen eggs hatched.	Rosene, Walter, 1880-1941	Northern Bobwhite				Walter M. Rosene, Sr. Papers \| MS 589	19	7
Narrative and photographs of a Bobwhite Quail tragedy	Photographs Narratives (literary works)	Birds--Nests Eggs--Incubation Birds--Mortality Birds--Anecdotes	1928-06-08	1928-07-08	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Details and photographs of a Bobwhite Quail nest with twenty-four eggs, eighteen of which were hatched by a Japanese Silkie Leghorn hen, after the mother Bobwhite died from eating poisoned corn, June 8-July 8, 1928.	Rosene, Walter, 1880-1941	Northern Bobwhite	Ogden			Walter M. Rosene, Sr. Papers \| MS 589	19	7
Narrative and photographs of a Western Meadowlark tragedy	Photographs Narratives (literary works)	Birds--Eggs Birds--Food Birds--Infancy Predation (Biology) Birds--Mortality Birds--Anecdotes	1927-05-19	1929-06-15	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Details and photographs of three different Western Meadowlark nests in various locations. The first photograph shows a Western Meadowlark nest with four eggs, May 19, 1927. The second photograph shows a Western Meadowlark approaching a nest with food, June 25, 1929. The third photograph shows a garter snake devouring a young Western Meadowlark, August 3, 1927.	Rosene, Walter, 1880-1941	Western Meadowlark	Ogden Atkinson			Walter M. Rosene, Sr. Papers \| MS 589	19	7
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of California Gull at Carter Lake, 1993	Administrative records Clippings (information artifacts) Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1993-11-21	1995-07-08	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for a California Gull at Carter Lake in Pottawattamie County, IA on November 21, 1993. Includes a record review document with votes, a photograph, an article in Iowa Bird Life, and three documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Bray, Tanya	California Gull	Carter Lake	Carter Lake, Pottawattamie County	The documentation form by Tanya Bray forms the basis of this record. Other documentation forms by Loren and Babs Padelford, and Ross Silcock were submitted. Other observers include Jerry Toll and B.J. Rose. \| Elimination of similar species: Both Ring-billed and Herring Gulls are eliminated by bill coloration, size, slightly darker mantle, and eye color. Western, Lesser-black backed would be darker mantled, different bill coloration. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 10:30:00/10:58:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	11	1
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Black-legged Kittiwake at Lake Manawa, 1995	Administrative records Clippings (information artifacts) Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1995-09-24	2000-11-20	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of a Black-legged Kittiwake at Lake Manawa in Pottawattamie County, IA on September 24, 1995. Includes a record review document with votes, two photographs, an article in Audubon Field Notes, an article in Iowa Bird Life, and three documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Padelford, Babs Padelford, Loren	Black-legged Kittiwake	Lake Manawa	Lake Manawa, Pottawattamie County, Iowa	The documentation form by Loren Padelford and Babs Padelford is the earliest and the one that forms the basis of this record. Other documentation forms by Thomas H. Kent and Jim Fuller were submitted later. Other observers include James Kovanda, Sandra Kovanda, Tim Schantz, Pam Allen, Reid Allen, Chuck Fuller, Eugene Armstrong, and Eloise Armstrong. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 10:30:00/10:45:00 and 18:15:00/18:20:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	11	10
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Sabine's Gull at Black Hawk Lake, 1994	Administrative records Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1994-09-05	1996-04-25	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for a Sabine's Gull at Black Hawk Lake in Sac County, IA on September 5, 1994. Includes a record review document with votes, a photocopy of a photograph, and eight documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Padelford, Babs Padelford, Loren	Sabine's Gull	Black Hawk Lake	Black Hawk Lake and spoil pond east of the lake, Lake View, Sac County	The documentation form by Babs Padelford and Loren Padelford forms the basis of this record. Other documentation forms by Ross Silcock, Peter Ernzen, Thomas H. Kent, James Fuller, Don Poggensee, Mark Proesholdt, and Ed Thelen were submitted. Other observers include Roland Barth, Jim Sinclair, Dick Tetrault, Jane Fuller, Beth Proescholdt, Eugene Armstrong, Eloise Armstrong, Doug Rose, Russ Widner, Rob Thelen, and many unidentified other observers. \| Elimination of similar species: [...] It was a small, dark gray gull, smaller in size than Ring-billed Gulls that were present for direct comparison. The mantle color was darker than Ring-billed mantles. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 08:30:00/10:30:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	11	9
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Iceland Gull near Hancher Auditorium in Iowa City, 1993	Administrative records Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1993-01-16	1995-07-08	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for an Iceland Gull near Hancher Auditorium in Iowa City in Johnson County, IA on January 16, 1993. Includes a record review document with votes, a photograph, and three documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Fuller, James L	Iceland Gull	Hancher Auditorium	Iowa River near Hancher Auditorium, Iowa City (Johnson County).	The documentation form by Jim Fuller forms the basis of this record. Other documentation forms by Randall Pinkston and Thomas H. Kent were submitted. Other observers include Carl Bendorf, Jane Fuller, and many unidentified other observers. \| Elimination of similar species: First year Thayer's Gull is overall darker, with darker primaries and a well defined dark tail band. Glaucous Gull is larger, and the first year bird has a two-toned bill. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 09:35:00/09:45:00 and 12:25:00/12:30:00 on January 16, 1993 and 11:45:00/11:50:00 on January 19, 1993.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	11	4
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Iceland Gull at Red Rock Reservoir Dam, 1991	Administrative records Clippings (information artifacts) Correspondence Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1991-03-13	1993-07-17	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for an Iceland Gull at Red Rock Reservoir Dam in Marion County, IA on March 13, 1991. Includes a record review document with votes, seven photographs, an article in Iowa Bird Life, correspondence about bird sighting and review, and eleven documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Schantz, Tim	Iceland Gull	Red Rock Dam	Below Red Rock Dam, Marion County, Iowa	The documentation form by Tim Schantz is the earliest and the one that forms the basis of this record. Other documentation forms by Jim Fuller, Ann Johnson, Thomas H. Kent, Diane Porter, Jim Sinclair, Stephen Dinsmore, James Dinsmore, Beth Proescholdt, and Mark Proescholdt were submitted later. Other observers include Dawn DeVore, Dick Tetrault, Jim Scheib, Beth Brown, Michael Porter, Eugene Armstrong, Eloise Armstrong, and many unidentified observers. \| Elimination of similar species: [...] Iowa Birds mentions that there is a problem separating Iceland with Thayers. If there was any problem with this bird being anything it was a Glaucous Gull of the same age. However the bird was smaller than the Herring Gulls that were on the roost. Long wings will rule out the rare small race of Glaucous Gull. There are not to [sic] many birds that have primaries lighter than the mantle in the sitting bird.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	11	4
Record Committee review for rare bird sighting of Red-throated Loon at Pleasant Creek Lake, 1997	Administrative records Clippings (information artifacts) Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1997-04-13	2000-11-24	Rare birds documentation form	Record Committee review for a Red-throated Loon at Pleasant Creek Lake in Linn County, IA on April 13, 1997. Includes a record review document with votes, an Iowa Bird Life article, a photo and two documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Fuller, James L	Red-throated Loon	Pleasant Creek State Park	Pleasant Creek Recreation Area (Linn County)	The documentation form by Jim Fuller is the earliest and the one that forms the basis of this record. Other documentation forms by Chris Edwards were submitted later. Other observers include John Daniel, Ken Lowder, and Dale Fye. \| Elimination of similar species: The other smaller loon, Pacific has darker gray upperparts and minimal white marks on the back, gray surrounding the eye, a straight bill, black eye, a more rounded top of the head, and often displays a chin strap, all features which differ from Red-throated Loon. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 14:37:00/14:54:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	7	5
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Laughing Gull at Saylorville Dam, 1995	Administrative records Clippings (information artifacts) Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1995-05-11	2000-11-18	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for a Laughing Gull at Saylorville Dam in Polk County, IA on May 11, 1995. Includes a record review document with votes, three photographs, an article in Iowa Bird Life, and two documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Allen, Pam	Laughing Gull	Saylorville Dam	Polk Co., below Saylorville Dam Spillway	The documentation form by Pam Allen forms the basis of this record. Another documentation form by Thomas H. Kent was submitted. Other observers include Gordon Brown and Reid Allen. \| Elimination of similar species: Franklin's Gull is smaller and has white edges to its wing tips. The black cap does not extend as far down the back of the neck like the Laughing Gull. The call is much different. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 07:15:00/07:30:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	10	18
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Laughing Gull at Oak Grove Beach at Saylorville Reservoir, 1990	Administrative records Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1990-04-13	1993-07-17	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of a Laughing Gull at Oak Grove Beach at Saylorville Reservoir in Polk County, IA on April 13, 1990. Includes a record review document with votes, a photocopy of a photo, and a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Dinsmore, Stephen J.	Laughing Gull	Oak Grove Recreation Area	Oak Grove Beach, Saylorville Reservoir, Polk Co., IA	The documentation form by Stephen J. Dinsmore is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Eugene Armstrong and Eloise Armstrong. \| Elimination of similar species: On the basis of the dark hood, size, and dark gray mantle, all gulls except for Laughing and Franklin's gulls can be removed from consideration. I will admit that I was skeptical that a Laughing Gull could show up in Iowa on such an early spring date; most interior records are from May-June. But, given the evidence, I am convinced that this bird was indeed a Laughing Gull. The size of this bird, nearly that of a ring-billed gull, favors Laughing Gull. The bill shape and size, length of the legs, wing pattern, and extent of the eye crescents also favor Laughing Gull. An adult Franklin's Gull can be eliminated by the lack of a white bar separating the gray inner wing from the black wingtip. One year-old Franklin's Gulls, however, may show a wing pattern like that of this bird. But, according to Kaufman (1990), such a Franklin's Gull should show some white flecks on the hood, and would be most likely encountered in late spring and summer. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 10:48:00/11:34:00 and 12:26:00/13:20:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	10	18
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Red Phalarope at Sandpiper Recreation Area at Saylorville Reservoir, 1996	Administrative records Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1996-10-13	2000-11-22	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for a Red Phalarope at Sandpiper Recreation Area at Saylorville Reservoir in Polk County, IA on October 13, 1996. Includes a record review document with votes, two photos, and three documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Fuller, James L	Red Phalarope	Sandpiper Recreation Area	Beach of Sandpiper Recreation Area, Saylorville Reservoir (Polk County)	The documentation form by Jim Fuller forms the basis of this record. Other documentation forms by Stephen J. Dinsmore and Chris Edwards were submitted. Other observers include Dick Tetrault, Eugene Armstrong, Eloise Armstrong, Jane Clark, and many unidentified observers. \| Elimination of similar species: Both the other phalaropes have long, needle-like bills. In addition, the Wilson's has a dark forehead, and the Red-necked is generally smaller. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 17:48:00/18:10:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	10	12
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Red Phalarope at Anglers Bay at Spirit Lake, 1994	Administrative records Clippings (information artifacts) Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1994-11-29	1997-10-03	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for a Red Phalarope at Anglers Bay at Spirit Lake in Dickinson County, IA on November 29, 1994. Includes a record review document with votes, a photocopy of a photo, an article in Iowa Bird Life, and a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Schoenewe, Lee A.	Red Phalarope	Anglers Bay	Anglers Bay, Big Spirit Lake, Dickinson Co.	The documentation form by Lee A. Schoenewe is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. \| Elimination of similar species: Red-necked Phalarope - stout bill and solid gray back; Wilson's Phalarope - stout bill and black on back of head and neck \| The original documentation form event lasted from 15:10:00/15:40:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	10	12
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Sharp-tailed Sandpiper at Riverton Wildlife Management Area, 1994	Administrative records Correspondence Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1994-05-15	1996-04-25	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of a Sharp-tailed Sandpiper at Riverton Wildlife Management Area in Fremont County, IA on May 15, 1994. Includes a record review document with votes, correspondence about the bird sighting, seven photographs and photocopies of them, and a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Silcock, W. Ross	Sharp-tailed Sandpiper	Riverton Wildlife Management Area	Riverton GMA, Fremont County	The documentation form by Ross Silcock is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include B.J. Rose, Roger Rose, and Doug Rose. \| Elimination of similar species: [...] It resembled a Pectoral Sandpiper, but differed in the following ways: the crown was streaked, and showed noticeable rufous coloration in the feathering; the off-white superciliary stripe was lengthy and broadened towards the rear; the breast markings were dense as in a Pectoral but did not show a clearcut ending at the whitish belly, but instead ended indeterminately by gradually fading out. [...] Once ready to record, we flushed the bird and it gave a soft series of notes, somewhat like a Lesser Yellowlegs, but rather flat and unmelodious. This call was most unlike the harsh, grating call of a Pectoral Sandpiper. [...] Plumage, time of year, call upon flushing, and key plumage differences from Pectoral Sandpiper, cited above, led us to identify this bird as an adult Sharp-tailed Sandpiper. \| The original documentation form event occurred around 10:30:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	10	4
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Mississippi Kite at Windsor Heights, 1995	Administrative records Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1995-05-13	2000-11-18	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of two Mississippi Kites at Windsor Heights in Polk County, IA on May 13, 1995. Includes one record review document with votes, a photograph, and two documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Allen, Pam	Mississippi Kite	Windsor Heights	Polk Co., Windsor Heights, 73rd Street north of University Ave., behind Olivet Church.	The documentation form by Pam Allen is the earliest and the one that forms the basis of this record. Another documentation form by Chris Edwards was submitted later. Other observers include Jim Fuller, Tom Kent, Dick Tetrault, Reid Allen, and Jane Clark. \| Elimination of similar species: White-tailed Kite has a white tail and black shoulder patches. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 13:15:00/13:30:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	8	26
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Mississippi Kite at Clive, 1992	Administrative records Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1992-05-23	1994-10-18	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of a Mississippi Kite at Clive in Polk County, IA on May 23, 1992. Includes a record review document with votes, a photo and a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Pinkston, Randall, 1956-	Mississippi Kite	Clive	Clive, Polk Co., Iowa. Same bird observed by many others and photographed by Tom Kent.	The documentation form by Randall Pinkston is the earliest and the one that forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Tom Kent. \| Elimination of similar species: Really unmistakable perched at such close range. Black-shouldered Kite (Elanus caeruleus) basically a white bird with a white tail, much less likely in Iowa.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	8	26
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Garganey at Forney Lake, 1999	Administrative records Correspondence Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1999-04-02	2000-10-28	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of a Garganey at Forney Lake in Fremont County, IA on April 2, 1999. Includes a record review document with votes, photos, and six documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Schmid, Rick	Garganey	Forneys Lake	Forney Lake; Fremont County; Iowa, between the towns of Bartlett and Thurman. The bird was seen in the water near the shore closest to the road at a point exactly one mile east of Western Ave. Later, it was seen in flight over the water in the same area.	The documentation form by Rich Shmid is the earliest and the one that forms the basis of this record. Other documentation forms by Loren & Babs Padelford, Thomas H. Kent, Jim Fuller, Michael D. Overton, and Chris Edwards were submitted later. Other observers include Mary Edwards, Pam Allen, Reid Allen, Dennis Henrickson, Clem Claphake, Jim Kovanda, and Sandy Kovanda. \| Elimination of similar species:From first glance, the Garganey was conspicuously different from other nearby ducks on the lake. It was swimming with a pair of Blue-Winged Teal and appeared about the same size as the teal, but its body was much lighter overall, with contrasting dark head and breast. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 15:15:00/15:35:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	8	15
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Lesser White-fronted Goose at Lake Macbride, 1998	Administrative records Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1998-06-11	2000-11-24	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of a Lesser White-fronted Goose at Lake Macbride in Johnson County, IA on June 11, 1998. Includes a record review document with votes, a color photograph, and two documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Fuller, James L	Lesser White-fronted Goose	Lake Macbride State Park	Northeast corner of the south arm of Lake MacBride (Johnson County)	The documentation form by Jim Fuller is the earliest and the one that forms the basis of this record. Another documentation form by Thomas H.Kent was submitted later. Other observers include James Huntington and Dick Tetrault. \| Elimination of similar species: Greater White-fronted Goose is larger with a larger head and longer bill, and lacks a yellow eye-ring. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 05:55:00/06:15:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	8	6
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Black-crowned Night-Heron at Polk City, 1997	Administrative records Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1997-12-21	2000-11-24	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for a Black-crowned Night-Heron at Polk City Wildlife Area in Polk County, IA on December 21, 1997. Includes a record review document with votes, a photo and two documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Johnson, Ann	Black-crowned Night Heron	Polk City Wildlife Area	Polk City Wildlife Area, Polk Co., IA	The documentation form by Ann Johnson is the earliest and the one that forms the basis of this record. Another documentation form by Stephen J. Dinsmore was submitted later. Other observers include Aaron Brees and Phil Walsh. \| Elimination of similar species: Yellow-crowned Night-Heron was eliminated by the boldness of the markings on both the upper and underparts of the body and by the leg extension in flight. \| The documentation form event occurred at approximately 09:30:00	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	7	20
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Clark's Grebe at Diamond Lake, 1997	Administrative records Clippings (information artifacts) Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1997-12-13	2000-11-24	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for a Clark's Grebe at Diamond Lake in Poweshiek County, IA on December 13, 1997. Includes a record review document with votes, photos, an Iowa Bird Life article, and five documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Allen, Pam Allen, Reid I.	Clark's Grebe	Diamond Lake	Poweshiek County, Diamond Lake Park	The documentation form by Pam and Reid Allen is the earliest and the one that forms the basis of this record. Other documentation forms by Mark Proescholdt, Thomas H. Kent, Phil Walsh, and Michael D. Overton were submitted later. Other observers include Jim Sinclair, Ann Johnson, Eugene Armstrong, Dixie Overton, Cal Knight, Bernie Knight, and Eloise Armstrong. \| Elimination of similar species: The Western Grebe (Aechmorphorus occidentalis) has a much duller, greyish-greenish yellow bill and the body and flanks are blacker. Plus, the black cap extends over the eyes and lores, and there is a more solid blackish cast on the bill. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 12:15:00/14:10:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	7	9