Documents • Iowa State University • Avian Archives of Iowa Online

Title	Genres	Topics	Date (Start)	Date (End)	Type	Description	Creator/Author	Birds	Locations	Locality	Habitat	Remarks

Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of White-faced Ibis at Otter Creek Marsh, 1984	Administrative records Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1984-04-28	1993-09-01	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of a White-faced Ibis at Otter Creek Marsh in Tama County, Iowa on April 28, 1984. Includes a record review document with votes, a summary of the review, and a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Staudt, Thomas J.	White-faced Ibis	Otter Creek Marsh State Wildlife Refuge	Otter Creek Marsh Tama Co.	shallow marshy to dry cattail beds	The documentation form by Thomas J. Staudt is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Jim Fuller. \| Elimination of similar species: Glossy Ibis has a very thin white border above and below the eye. This border is broken and doesn't surround the eye. Eye color on Glossy is brownish. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 10:45:00/11:15:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	7	24
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting for Roseate Spoonbill at Union Slough National Wildlife Slough in 1960	Administrative records Clippings (information artifacts) Correspondence Field notes	Birds--Identification Ornithology--Societies, etc Ornithology--Technique Rare birds	1960-08-16	1993-08-16	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Records Committee review for a Roseate Spoonbill at Union Slough National Wildlife Slough in Kossuth County, IA on August 16, 1960. Includes a record review document with votes, letters from Thomas Kent to Harold Burgess, two letters from Harold Burgess to Thomas Kent, a letter from John Guthrie to Harold Burgess, a memo from Roswell D. Van Duesen to Harold Burgess, and the original sighting record found in the publication Roseate Spoonbill Observed at Union Slough by Harold Burgess in Iowa Bird Life 30(3):67-68. Roseate Spoonbill seen by Harold Burgess, Roswell D. Van Deusen, and Charles Van Kirk.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union Records Committee	Roseate Spoonbill	Union Slough National Wildlife Refuge				Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	7	25
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting for Glossy Ibis at Union Slough National Wildlife Refuge in 1992	Administrative records Clippings (information artifacts) Correspondence Field notes Photographs	Birds--Identification Ornithology--Methodology Ornithology--Societies, etc Photography of birds Rare birds Ornithological illustration	1992-05-04	1996-04-24	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Records Committee review for two Glossy Ibises at Union Slough National Wildlife Refuge in Kossuth County, IA on May 4, 1992. Includes a record review document with votes, a letter from J.V. Remsen to Tom Kent, letters between Tom Kent and Bob Janssen, a letter from Matt Kenne to Tom Kent, a letter from Bruce Fall to Tom Kent, five photographs, a page with two ibis head sketches, the original sighting record found in the publication Iowa Bird Life 53:68 by Matthew Kenne, and the article Field identification of White-faced and Glossy Ibises by H. Douglas Pratt, published in Birding 8(1):1-5. The Glossy Ibises were seen by Bobbi Webber and photographed by Dave Bunkofske.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union Records Committee	Glossy Ibis	Union Slough National Wildlife Refuge				Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	7	23
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Roseate Spoonbill at Waubonsie Wildlife Area, 1997	Administrative records Clippings (information artifacts) Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1997-08-05	2000-11-24	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of a Roseate Spoonbill at Waubonsie Wildlife Area in Fremont County, IA on August 4, 1997. Includes a record review document with votes, two photos, an article from Iowa Bird Life, an article from North American Birds, and five documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Dinsmore, Stephen J.	Roseate Spoonbill	Waubonsie State Park	Waubonsie W.A., Fremont Co., IA	roosting in willows in flooded bottomland	The documentation form by Stephen J. Dinsmore is the earliest and the one that forms the basis of this record. Other documentation forms by Mark Proescholdt, Thomas H. Kent, Jim Fuller, and Michael D. Overton were submitted later. Other observers include Dixie Overton, Ann Johnson, James Scheib, Pam Allen, Reid Allen, Peter Ernzen, Dick Tetrault, Beth Proescholdt, Dennis Henrickson, John Sullivan, Eugene Armstrong, Eloise Armstrong, B.J. Rose, Ross Silcock, James Dinsmore, Babs Padelford, and Loren Padelford. \| Elimination of similar species: The heron shape, pink body color, and bill shape are unique to this species. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 19:13:00/19:51:00 on August 4, 05:53:00/06:15:00 on August 5, and 18:44:00/19:47:00 on 13 August.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	7	25
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of White-faced Ibis at Harrier Marsh, 1997	Administrative records Clippings (information artifacts) Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1997-08-15	2000-11-24	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of a White-faced Ibis at Harrier Marsh in Boone County, IA on August 15, 1997. Includes one record review document with votes, a documentation form, and an Iowa Bird Life article.	Thelen, Ed	White-faced Ibis	Harrier Marsh	Harrier Marsh - Boone County	Marsh, wetland complex with good mud flat	The documentation form by Ed Thelen is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include James J. Dinsmore, Eugene Armstrong, and Eloise Armstrong. \| Elimination of similar species: According to Kaufman "Advanced Birding" pp 40-41 If you can see the red eyes the bird is a white-faced ibis. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 12:00:00/13:30:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	7	24
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of White-faced Ibis at Sheldon Basin, 1996	Administrative records Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1996-06-27	2000-11-22	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for twelve White-faced Ibises at Sheldon Basin in Fremont County, IA on June 27, 1996. Includes a record review document with votes and a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Proescholdt, Mark	White-faced Ibis	Percival	Sheldon Basin - east of Percival - Fremont County	A shallow, marshy pond area	The documentation form by Mark Proescholdt is only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Beth Proescholdt and Ross Silcock. \| Elimination of similar species: Glossy Ibis do not have the vivid white band around the eyes and do not have red eyes. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 17:20:00/17:40:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	7	24
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of White-faced Ibis at Du Marsh, 1996	Administrative records Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1996-06-03	2000-11-22	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of two White-faced Ibises at Du Marsh in Clay County, IA on June 3, 1996. Includes a record review document with votes and a documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Schoenewe, Lee A.	White-faced Ibis	Du Marsh Area	Du Marsh, Clay Co.	Open marsh	The documentation form by Lee A. Schoenewe is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Nancy P. Schoenewe and Harold White. \| Elimination of similar species: Glossy Ibis - white facial border and facial skin color. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 17:30:00/18:00:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	7	24
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of White-faced Ibis at Errington Marsh, 1996	Administrative records Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1996-05-25	2000-11-22	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of a White-faced Ibis at Errington Marsh in Polk County, IA on May 25, 1996. Includes a record review document with votes and a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Engebretsen, Bery	White-faced Ibis	Paul Errington Wildlife Management Area	Errington Marsh, Polk County	small pool in meadow at north edge of Errington	The documentation form by Bery Engebretsen is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. \| Elimination of similar species: Breeding plumage Ibis with above features describes white-faced, rather than Glossy. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 11:00:00/11:05:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	7	24
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of White-faced Ibis at Blue Lake, 1996	Administrative records Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1996-05-20	2000-11-22	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of a White-faced Ibis at Blue Lake in Monona County, IA on May 20, 1996. Includes a record review document with votes and two documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Kent, Thomas H. (Thomas Hugh), 1934-	White-faced Ibis	Blue Lake	Blue Lake, Monona Co., IA	Marshy, open backwater slough.	The documentation form by Thomas H. Kent is the earliest and the one that forms the basis of this record. Another documentation form by Jim Fuller was submitted later. \| Elimination of similar species: The white feathering around the eye, red eye, and carmine legs eliminate Glossy Ibis. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 15:30:00/16:00:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	7	24
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of White-faced Ibis at Northwest Warren County, 1995	Administrative records Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1995-05-14	2000-11-18	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of a White-faced Ibis at Northwest Warren County, IA on May 14, 1995. Includes a record review document with votes and a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Sinclair, Jim	White-faced Ibis	Warren County	north-west Warren Co.	wet spot in corn stubble adjacent to North	The documentation form by Jim Sinclair is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Taylor Sinclair. \| Elimination of similar species: It was definitely an ibis. Glossy eliminated by the bill and leg coloration and the white facial border. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 13:30:00/13:40:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	7	24
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of White-faced Ibis at Blue Lake, 1995	Administrative records Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1995-04-25	2000-11-18	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of nine White-faced Ibis at Blue Lake in Monona County, IA on April 25, 1995. Includes a record review document with votes, two photos, and a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Kent, Thomas H. (Thomas Hugh), 1934-	White-faced Ibis	Blue Lake	Blue L., Monona Co., IA	Missouri River bottoms oxbow -- shallow, open	The documentation form by Thomas H. Kent is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Pete Ernzen. \| Elimination of similar species: The white facial feathers, red eyes, and all carmine legs eliminate Glossy Ibis, the only contender. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 08:10:00/09:20:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	7	24
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of White-faced Ibis at North Twin Lake, 1984	Administrative records Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1984-05-01	1993-09-01	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for a White-faced Ibis at North Twin Lake in Calhoun County on May 1, 1984. Includes a record review document with votes, a summary of the review, and a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Miller, Lannie R.	White-faced Ibis	North Twin Lake	South across road from S. Boat ramp on North Twin Lake, Calhoun Co. Iowa	Sheetwater pond in pasture	The documentation form by Lannie R. Miller is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Jim Judas, Don Herrig, and Dan Mork. \| Elimination of similar species: Glossy Ibis - Too much white around eye and under chin. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 09:15:00/09:30:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	7	24
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Ibis species at Churdan, 1978	Administrative records Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1978-04-21	1993-08-26	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of an Ibis (species unknown) at Churdan in Greene County, IA on April 21, 1978. Includes a record review document with votes, an Iowa Bird Life article, and a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Towan, Dan	Glossy Ibises	Churdan	1 mile North, 2 1/4 miles past of Churdan, Iowa	creek pasture, non-timbered, no trees for 1/4 mile. Creek bayou (old bed), some vegetation [... illegible]	The documentation form by Dan Towan is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. \| Elimination of similar species: Great Blue Heron ; the Great Blue Heron is the only [... illegible] it's not even close. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 10:30:00/11:00:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	7	21
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of White-faced Ibis at Palo Alto County, 1982	Administrative records Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1982-05-15	1993-09-01	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of a White-faced Ibis at Lost Island Township in Palo Alto County on May 15, 1982. Includes a record review document with votes, a summary of review, and two documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Johnson, Rex R.	White-faced Ibis	Lost Island Township	Sect. 19; Lost Island Township; Palo Alto Cty., Iowa	Flooded Blue Gass Pasture. Seasonal and semipermanent marshes adjacent.	The documentation form by Rex R. Johnson is the earliest and the one that forms the basis of this record. Another documentation form by Michele Connors filled out by James Dinsmore was submitted later. \| Elimination of similar species: Glossy Ibis. Coloration of soft parts of head. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 11:00:00/17:00:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	7	24
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of White-faced Ibis at Forney Lake, 1982	Administrative records Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1982-05-13	1993-09-01	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for two White-faced Ibises at Forney Lake in Fremont County on May 13, 1982. Includes a record review document with votes, a summary of review, and two documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Kent, Thomas H. (Thomas Hugh), 1934-	White-faced Ibis	Forneys Lake	Forney L., Fremont Co., Iowa	marsh	The documentation form by Thomas H. Kent is the earliest and the one that forms the basis of this record. Another documentation form by Ruth Phipps was submitted later. Other observers include Don Priebe, Ross Silcock and Tom Staudt. \| Elimination of similar species: Glossy Ibis - white on face, red eye, and red legs eliminate this species. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 16:10:00/16:20:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	7	24
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of White-faced Ibis at Runnells Game Area, 1981	Administrative records Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1981-09-11	1993-08-16	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of a White-faced Ibis at Runnels Game Area in Polk County, IA on September 11, 1981. Includes a record review document with votes, a summary of the review, and a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Sinclair, Jim	White-faced Ibis	Runnells Overlook	Runnels [sic] Game Area	slough	The documentation form by Jim Sinclair is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. \| Elimination of similar species: Glossy Ibis. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 14:30:00/15:00:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	7	24
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of White-faced Ibis at Willow Slough, 1981	Administrative records Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1981-05-19	1993-08-16	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for two White-faced Ibises at Willow Slough in Northeast Mills County, IA on May 19, 1981. Includes a record review document with votes and a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Wilson, Barbara L.	White-faced Ibis	Willow Slough Dam	Willow Slough, N.E. Mills County, Iowa	Wading in pool behind beaver dam in marshy slough. No large vegetation there; Eleochoris at edges.	The documentation form by Barbara L. WIison is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. \| Elimination of similar species: That large, dark with decurved bill it must be a Glossy or White-faced Ibis. Complete, wide white stripe around the face indicates White-faced. Perhaps soft-parts color tells too but I don't know. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 06:30:00/07:00:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	7	24
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of White-faced Ibis at Lake Manawa, 1981	Administrative records Clippings (information artifacts) Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1981-05-13	1999-10-15	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of fourteen White-faced Ibis at Lake Manawa in Pottawattamie County, IA on May 13, 1981. Includes a record review document with votes, an Iowa Bird Life article, and a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Kent, Thomas H. (Thomas Hugh), 1934-	White-faced Ibis	Lake Manawa	Lake Manawa, Pottawattamie Co., IA	large round lake - south west corner of L. Manawa near point with parking area	The documentation form by Thomas H. Kent is only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Ross Silcock. \| Elimination of similar species: Glossy Ibis - all had red face patch and complete white outline of white-faced. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 13:25:00/13:45:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	7	24
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Glossy Ibis at Riverton Area, 1995	Administrative records Clippings (information artifacts) Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1995-05-18	2000-11-18	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of two Glossy Ibis at Riverton Area in Fremont County, IA on May 18, 1995. Includes a record review document with votes, two photos, an article in Iowa Bird Life, and four documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Kent, Thomas H. (Thomas Hugh), 1934-	White Ibis	Riverton Wildlife Management Area	Riverton A., Fremont Co., IA	Controlled water area long Nishnabotna River and flooded fields.	The documentation form by Thomas H. Kent is the earliest and the one that forms the basis of this record. Other documentation forms by Jim Fuller, Babs Padelford, Loren Padelford, and Ross Silcock were submitted later. Other observers include Dick Tetrault, B.J. Rose, and Doug Rose. \| Elimination of similar species: An immature White-faced Ibis could lack the red eye, red legs, and white facial feathering of an adult and be confused with a Glossy Ibis. An immature white-faced would lack the blue facial skin and would likely show some brownish feathers. The color differences were clear-cut and observed under identical viewing condition. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 13:30:00/13:40:00, 14:20:00/15:25:00, and, on May 19 from 08:40:00/08:45:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	7	23
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of White Ibis at Hawkeye Wildlife Management Area, 1995.	Administrative records Clippings (information artifacts) Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1995-09-05	2000-11-20	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of an White Ibis at Hawkeye Wildlife Management Area in Johnson County, IA on September 5, 1995. Includes a record review document with votes, a photo, an article from North American Birds, an article from Iowa Bird Life, and five documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Edwards, Chris	White Ibis	Hawkeye Wildlife Management Area	Hawkeye Wildlife Area (Coralville Reservoir), Johnson Co.	Muddy shoreline.	The documentation form by Chris Edwards is the earliest and the one that forms the basis of this record. Other documentation forms by Jim Fuller, Thomas H. Kent, Stephen J. Dinsmore, and Peter C. Petersen were submitted later. Other observers include Tim Schantz, James Huntington, Jim Scheib, Cal Knight, and Bernie Knight. \| Elimination of similar species: Glossy Ibis and White-faced Ibis have dark underparts and dark bills. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 17:10:00/17:25:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	7	22
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Ibis Species at Cone Marsh, 1990	Administrative records Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1990-04-23	1993-07-17	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of a bird (Ibis species) at Cone Marsh in Louisa Co, IA on April 23, 1990. Includes a record review document with votes and three documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Petersen, Peter C.	Glossy Ibises	Cone Marsh Wildlife Management Area	N.E. Corner of Cone Marsh, Louisa Co., IA	Marsh & Mud Flat, shore areas	The documentation form by Peter C. Petersen is the earliest and the one that forms the basis of this record. Other documentation forms by Carl J. Bendorf and Jim Fuller were submitted later. Other observers include Ken Lowder, Ann Barker, John Daniels, Jim Sieh, Cal Knight, Bernie Knight, Brian Blevins, and Rick Hollis. \| Elimination of similar species: White-faced Ibis, which was present for direct comparison, had a wide white facial border around a reddish-brown facial patch, eye seemed red but distance was a bit far to be positive, legs were uniformly reddish brown, bill darker and more reddish & bird seemed a bit smaller. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 08:30:00/09:40:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	7	21
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Ibis species at Louisa National Wildlife Refuge, 1984	Administrative records Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1984-06-11	1993-09-01	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of two birds (Ibis species) at Louisa National Wildlife Refuge in Louisa County, IA on June 11, 1984. Includes a record review document with votes and two documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Stanley, A. Wayne	Glossy Ibises	Port Louisa National Wildlife Refuge - Louisa Division	The starting point was on the northeast corner of Moist Soil Unit number one, Louisa National Wildlife Refuge, Louisa County, Iowa		The documentation form by Wayne Stanley and Leroy Hovell is the earliest and the one that forms the basis of this record. Another documentation form by Leroy Hovell was submitted later. Other observers include Chuck H. Bartenhagen, Philip R. Earnest, Sarah M. Cross, Ramona R. Haight, Ginger A. Malcom, Chris Weyrick, and Bill Knapp. \| The original documentation form event occurred after 09:00:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	7	21
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Ibis species at Otter Creek Marsh, 1983	Administrative records Correspondence Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1983-09-27	1993-09-01	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of two birds (Ibis species) at Otter Creek Marsh in Tama County, IA on September 27, 1983. Includes a record review document with votes, a summary of the records review, a hand-written description of the birds, and a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Moore, Francis L.	Glossy Ibises	Otter Creek Marsh State Wildlife Refuge	Otter Creek Marsh near Chelsea, Tama Co., N.E. side of marsh	Marshy, low water amoung cattails between two Northern dikes.	The documentation form by Francis L. Moore is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Bob Myers and Ed Weiner. \| Elimination of similar species: White ibis is not this dark even in immature plumage. All dark colored heron do not have long decurved bill like these birds. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 12:15:00/13:00:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	7	21
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Ibis species at Colo, 1978	Administrative records Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1978-09-24	1993-08-26	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of a bird (Ibis species) at Colo in Story County on September 24, 1978. Includes a record review document with votes, an Iowa Bird Life article, and a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Zaletel, Hank	Glossy Ibises	Colo	2 1/2 miles east of Colo on old highway 30 in a flooded field	flooded field, marsh grass and mud flat	The documentation form by Hank Zaletel is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Linda Zaletel, Jim Dinsmore and Woodward Brown. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 18:00:00/18:30:00 and the second sighting on October 1 from 14:30:00/15:15:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	7	21