Documents • Iowa State University • Avian Archives of Iowa Online

Title	Genres	Topics	Date (Start)	Date (End)	Type	Description	Creator/Author	Birds	Locations	Locality	Habitat	Remarks

Field reports form for submitting seasonal observations of Iowa birds, fall 1999, Jan Walter	Field notes Forms (documents)	Bird watching Birds--Identification	1999-08-01	1999-11-30	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	An annotated list of birds sighted by Jan Walter and Carolyn Fischer. This item was used as supporting documentation for the Iowa Ornithologists' Union Quarterly field report of fall 1999.	Walter, Janice L.	Rough-legged Hawk American Bittern Brewer's Blackbird Gray-cheeked Thrush Wood Thrush Ovenbird Cape May Warbler	Mason City Zirbel Slough Hancock County				Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	28	5
Field reports form for submitting seasonal observations of Iowa birds, fall 1999, Ed Thelen	Field notes	Bird watching Birds--Identification	1999-08-01	1999-11-30	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	An annotated list of birds sighted by Ed Thelen. This item was used as supporting documentation for the Iowa Ornithologists' Union Quarterly field report of fall 1999.	Thelen, Ed	American Bittern Western Grebe Surf Scoter Osprey Wilson's Warbler American Tree Sparrow Tundra Swan Black-headed Gull Northern Shrike	Ingham Lake State Game Management Area Spirit Lake West Okoboji Lake Crandalls Beach Spring Run Complex Wildlife Management Area East Okoboji Lake Artesian Lake County Park				Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	28	5
Annotated bird sighting list for fall 1999 compiled by Jim Sinclair	Field notes	Bird watching	1999-08-01	1999-11-30	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	An annotated list of birds sighted by Jim Sinclair. This item was used as supporting documentation for the Iowa Ornithologists' Union Quarterly field report of fall 1999.	Sinclair, Jim	Broad-winged Hawk Henslow's Sparrow Golden Eagle Peregrine Falcon Northern Saw-whet Owl Connecticut Warbler Short-billed Dowitcher Cape May Warbler	Indianola Marion County Saylorville Lake Warren County Red Rock Wildlife Area Hooper State Game Area Lake Ahquabi State Park				Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	28	5
Field reports, Iowa Bird Life, fall 1999, Lee Schoenewe	Field notes	Bird watching	1999-08-01	1999-11-30	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	An annotated list of birds sighted by Lee Schoenewe. This item was used as supporting documentation for the Iowa Ornithologists' Union Quarterly field report of fall 1999.	Schoenewe, Lee A.	Brewer's Blackbird Merlin Western Sandpiper Lesser Black-backed Gull Le Conte's Sparrow Greater Scaup Golden-crowned Kinglet Black-headed Gull	Dan Green Slough Wildlife Management Area Du Marsh Area Spencer Spirit Lake Waterman Creek Ocheyedan Tuttle Lake County Park				Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	28	5
Field reports form for submitting seasonal observations of Iowa birds, fall 1999, Mark Proescholdt	Field notes Forms (documents)	Bird watching Birds--Identification Birdsongs	1999-08-01	1999-11-30	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	An annotated list of birds sighted by Mark Proescholdt and others. This item was used as supporting documentation for the Iowa Ornithologists' Union Quarterly field report of fall 1999.	Proescholdt, Mark	Marbled Godwit Alder Flycatcher Brewer's Blackbird Smith's Longspur Eurasian Collared Dove Pacific Loon Surf Scoter Sedge Wren Pine Siskin Red-breasted Nuthatch Sandhill Crane	Grammer Grove County Wildlife Area Harrier Marsh Hawkeye Wildlife Management Area Jester Park Liscomb Otter Creek Marsh State Wildlife Refuge Warren County Whitebreast Recreation Area Hartford Pine Lake State Park Grinnell Country Club Meadow Lake				Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	28	5
Iowa RBA, November 22-25, 1999	Correspondence Field notes	Bird watching Birds--Identification Dial-a-message telephone calls	1999-11-22	1999-11-25	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Four emails of Iowa RBA updates for November 22-25, 1999. Highlights of the updates include sightings of two Black-billed Magpies, Lesser Black-backed Gull, Red Crossbill, Eurasian Collared Doves, and a Pomarine Jaeger.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union Fuller, James L	Pomarine Jaeger Varied Thrush Eurasian Collared Dove Black-billed Magpie Lesser Black-backed Gull Common Yellowthroat Chipping Sparrow Red Crossbill Northern Shrike American Golden Plover	Cardinal Marsh State Wildlife Area Grinnell Hitchcock Nature Area West Okoboji Lake Westfield Little Clear Lake Park West Des Moines Spring Run Complex Wildlife Management Area Fenton				Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	44	4
Grammer Grove hawk watch, 1999, Beth Proescholdt	Field notes	Bird watching Birds--Counting Falconiformes \| Hawks, Eagles, Falcons, Osprey, and Vultures	1999-09-05	1999-11-24	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	An annotated list of birds sighted by Beth Proescholdt. This item was used as supporting documentation for the Iowa Ornithologists' Union Quarterly field report of fall 1999.	Proescholdt, Beth	Broad-winged Hawk Red-tailed Hawk Swainson's Hawk Golden Eagle Peregrine Falcon	Grammer Grove County Wildlife Area				Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	28	5
Email from Ric Zarwell to IA-BIRD list regarding a Blue-winged Teal, November 23, 1999	Correspondence Field notes	Birds--Identification Rare birds	1999-11-21	1999-11-23	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Email from Ric Zarwell to IA-BIRD list dated November 23, 1999. Zarwell reports the sighting of a Blue-winged Teal at Pool #9 on the Mississippi River at Allamakee County, IA November 21, 1999.	Zarwell, Ric	Blue-winged Teal	Pool 9				Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	33	5
Rare bird documentation form for Lesser Black-backed Gull at Trickle Slough at Spirit Lake, 1999	Field notes	Birds--Identification Ornithology Rare birds	1999-11-06	1999-11-21	Rare birds documentation form	Rare bird documentation form for a Lesser Black-backed Gull at Trickle Slough at Spirit Lake in Dickinson County, IA on November 6, 1999.	Schoenewe, Lee A.	Lesser Black-backed Gull	Trickle Slough	Trickle Slough, Spirit Lake, Dickinson County	Sandy point surrounded by open water	The documentation form by Lee A. Schoenewe is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Gary Grange. \| Elimination of similar species: Greater Black-backed - size relative to Herring Gulls; Herring/Thayers - flight pattern + long wings in flight + perched \| The original documentation form event lasted from 14:40:00/15:10:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	34	36
Iowa RBA, November 15-20, 1999	Correspondence Field notes	Bird feeders Bird watching Birds--Identification Anseriformes \| Ducks, Geese, and Swans Dial-a-message telephone calls	1999-11-15	1999-11-20	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Four emails of Iowa RBA updates for November 15-20, 1999. Highlights of the updates include sightings of two White-winged Crossbills, Red-throated Loon, Black-headed Gull, Lesser Black-backed Gull, Pacific Loon, and a Surf Scoter.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union Fuller, James L	Red-throated Loon White-winged Crossbill Common Redpoll Pacific Loon Merlin Lesser Black-backed Gull Surf Scoter Northern Parula Tundra Swan Black-headed Gull	Johnson County Lake Red Rock Lock and Dam Number 18 Spirit Lake Lock and Dam 9 Osceola Pool 9 Lakeview Recreation Area Gull Point Gowrie				Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	44	4
Rare bird documentation form for Northern Parula at Saylorville Reservoir, 1999	Field notes	Birds--Identification Ornithology Rare birds	1999-11-13	1999-11-14	Rare birds documentation form	Rare bird documentation form for a Northern Parula at Saylorville Reservoir in Polk County, IA on November 13, 1999.	Dinsmore, James J.	Northern Parula	Saylorville Lake	visitor's center, Saylorville Reservoir, Polk County	opening in woodland	The documentation form by James Dinsmore is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. \| Elimination of similar species: The combination of wing bars, eye crescents, and olive on back pretty much eliminate any other warbler. Eye crescents eliminate the remote possibility of a Tropical Parula. \| The original documentation form event occurred around 08:15:00/08:18:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	35	21
Iowa RBA, November 7-12, 1999	Correspondence Field notes	Bird feeders Bird watching Birds--Identification Laridae \| Gulls and Terns Charadriiformes \| Shore-birds, Gulls, and Auks Calcariidae \| Longspurs and snow bunting Dial-a-message telephone calls	1999-11-07	1999-11-12	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Four emails of Iowa RBA updates for November 7-12, 1999. Highlights of the updates include sightings of a Varied Thrush, Pacific Loon, Red-throated Loon, and a Surf Scoter.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union Fuller, James L	Red-throated Loon Brewer's Blackbird Varied Thrush Brown Thrasher Great Horned Owl Common Redpoll Pacific Loon Lesser Black-backed Gull Surf Scoter Northern Shrike	Harrier Marsh Lock and Dam Number 18 Rathbun Lake Whitebreast Recreation Area Fairfield West Des Moines Babcock Access Fenton Trickle Slough				Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	44	4
Rare bird documentation form for Pacific Loon at Red Rock Reservoir, 1999	Field notes Forms (documents)	Birds--Identification Ornithology Rare birds	1999-11-06	1999-11-10	Rare birds documentation form	Rare bird documentation form for a Pacific Loon at Red Rock Reservoir in Marion County, IA on November 6, 1999.	Proescholdt, Mark	Pacific Loon	Whitebreast Recreation Area	Red Rock Reservoir - (Marion County) - Whitebreast Area	Large reservoir	The documentation form by Mark Proescholdt is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Beth Proescholdt and reported on the Birdline. \| Elimination of similar species: Common Loons have massive bills, are much larger, and have a jagged look to their sides of the neck between dark and light colors. Red-throated Loons are paler in color and do not have that sharp dividing line on its neck but a more gradual merging of colors. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 14:00:00/14:30:00 approximately.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	32	9
Rare bird documentation form for Summer Tanager at Algona, 1999	Field notes	Birds--Identification Ornithology Rare birds	1999-11-05	1999-11-07	Rare birds documentation form	Rare bird documentation form for a Summer Tanager at Algona in Kossuth County, IA on November 5, 1999.	Kenne, Matthew C.	Summer Tanager	Algona	at birdbath in my backyard [...] 709 N. Phillips, Algona, Iowa 50511		The documentation form by Matthew Kenne is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include his family. \| Elimination of similar species: [...] The thick, blunt bill shape and larger bill size eliminates warblers and vireos, and it was a larger bird than those by comparison with the Cardinal. Female Scarlet Tanager is eliminated by the lack of olive tones to the plumage, especially in the wing, which was the same color as the back and not darker. The reddish tinge to the yellow on parts of the bird is consistent with some female Summer Tanagers, but not Scarlet Tanager. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 17:05:00/17:06:00 on November 5, 1999 and around 07:50:00 on November 7, 1999.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	35	44
Iowa RBA, November 1-3, 1999	Correspondence Field notes	Bird feeders Bird watching Birds--Identification Gaviiformes \| Loons Calcariidae \| Longspurs and snow bunting Dial-a-message telephone calls	1999-11-01	1999-11-03	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Three emails of Iowa RBA updates for November 1-3, 1999. Highlights of the updates include sightings of a Black-headed Gull, a Surf Scoter, Pacific Loon, and a Black Scoter.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union Fuller, James L	Red-throated Loon Varied Thrush Lapland Longspur Smith's Longspur Mute Swan Common Redpoll Pacific Loon Black Scoter Surf Scoter Golden Eagle Black-headed Gull	Big Sioux River Wildlife Area Lake Red Rock Little River Recreation Area Spirit Lake Whitebreast Recreation Area Lake Easter Maynard Reese Area Meadow Lake Fenton				Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	44	4
Iowa RBA, October 25-30, 1999	Correspondence Field notes	Bird feeders Bird watching Birds--Identification Calcariidae \| Longspurs and snow bunting Dial-a-message telephone calls	1999-10-25	1999-10-30	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Three emails of Iowa RBA updates for October 25, 27, and 30, 1999. Highlights of the updates include sightings of an American Tree Sparrow, Common Goldeneye, Common Redpoll, and a Black-headed Gull.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union Fuller, James L	Thayer's Gull Smith's Longspur Snow Bunting Goldeneye Common Redpoll Black Scoter Black-bellied Plover American Tree Sparrow Black-headed Gull Northern Shrike	Du Marsh Area Mason City Spirit Lake Thorpe Park Trumbull Lake Whitebreast Recreation Area Swan Pinchey Bottoms				Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	44	4
Iowa RBA, October 18-19, 1999	Correspondence Field notes	Bird watching Birds--Identification Emberizidae \| Sparrows Dial-a-message telephone calls	1999-10-18	1999-10-19	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Three emails of Iowa RBA updates for October 18-19, 1999. Highlights of the updates include sightings of a Black-headed Gull, two Western Grebes, and a late Summer Tanager.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union Fuller, James L	American Bittern Summer Tanager Lapland Longspur Smith's Longspur Short-eared Owl Western Grebe Golden Eagle Black-bellied Plover Pileated Woodpecker Black-headed Gull	Dallas County Lock and Dam Number 18 Norwalk Spirit Lake Zirbel Slough Welch Lake Wildlife Management Area Marble Beach State Recreation Area Macbride Nature Recreation Area Sedan Bottoms Pinchey Bottoms				Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	44	4
Records Committee review for bird sighting of Brown Pelican at Rathbun Reservoir, 1993	Administrative records Clippings (information artifacts) Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1993-05-30	1999-10-15	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for a Brown Pelican at Lake Rathbun in Appanoose County, IA on May 30, 1993. Includes a record review document with votes, two photographs, an American Birds article, and a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Cummins, Raymond L.	Brown Pelican	Rathbun Lake	Lake Rathbun Island West Boat Ramp	Open water	The documentation form by Raymond L. Cummins is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Bill Heusinkveld, Marj Heusinkveld, Tom Johnson, and Mary Montog. \| Elimination of similar species: Nothing I know of. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 20:00:00/20:30:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	7	11
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting on Red-throated Loon at Cedar Lake, 1984	Administrative records Clippings (information artifacts) Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1984-04-03	1999-10-15	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for a Red-throated Loon at Cedar Lake, IA on April 3, 1984. Includes a record review document, two articles in American Birds, an article in Iowa Bird Life, a summary of the review of the committee, and six documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Staudt, Thomas J.	Red-throated Loon	Cedar Lake	Cedar Lake, Cedar Rapids, IA		The documentation form by Thomas J. Staudt is the earliest and the one that forms the basis of this record. Other documentation forms by Carl J. Bendorf, Robert K. Myers, Francis L. Moore, Thomas H. Kent, and Peter C. Petersen were submitted later. Other observers include Jim Fuller and Jim Sandrock. \| Elimination of similar species: Horned grebes in winter plumage were present, they are about 1/2 the size of this loon, have a much shorter straight bill and the head shape is flatter. Common loon is much larger with a correspondingly large straight black bill, head held straight. Arctic loon in winter plumage would have less white in the facial area, a straight dark bill, less contrast from the facial area to cup/nape. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 06:15:00/06:45:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	7	5
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting for Ivory Gull at Red Rock Reservoir Dam, 1990	Administrative records Clippings (information artifacts) Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1990-12-24	1999-10-15	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for an Ivory Gull at Red Rock Reservoir Dam in Marion County, IA on December 24, 1990. Includes a record review document with votes, an Iowa Bird Life article and front page, a page from American Birds, an article in Knoxville Journal Express, and eleven documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Dinsmore, Stephen J.	Ivory Gull	Red Rock Dam	below Red Rock Reservoir dam, Marion Co., IA		The documentation form by Steve Dinsmore forms the basis of this record. Other documentation forms by Ann Johnson, Mark Proescholdt, Randall Pinkston, Thomas H. Kent, Raymond Cummins, Jim Fuller, Carl Bendorf, Tanya Bray, Peter Petersen, and Diane Porter were submitted. Other observers include James Huntington, Alan Grenon, Rick Wright, Jim Scheib, Eloise Armstrong, Eugene Armstrong, Bob Myers, B.J. Rose, Ken Lowder, John Daniel, Carol Thompson, Tim Schantz, Reid Allen, Pam Allen, Beth Proescholdt, Beth Brown, Curt Nelson, Babs Padelford, Loren Padelford, Dick Tetrault, Jim Dinsmore, Kelly McKay, Mary Lou Petersen, and many unidentified observers. \| Elimination of similar species: The bird was really quite distinctive and not likely to be confused with any other gull. The white plumage, black legs, bill shape and color, dark area at base of bill, and pattern of black spots on wings and body eliminates all other gulls. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 13:02:00/16:54:00 on December 24, 1990.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	11	12
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of White-faced Ibis at Lake Manawa, 1981	Administrative records Clippings (information artifacts) Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1981-05-13	1999-10-15	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of fourteen White-faced Ibis at Lake Manawa in Pottawattamie County, IA on May 13, 1981. Includes a record review document with votes, an Iowa Bird Life article, and a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Kent, Thomas H. (Thomas Hugh), 1934-	White-faced Ibis	Lake Manawa	Lake Manawa, Pottawattamie Co., IA	large round lake - south west corner of L. Manawa near point with parking area	The documentation form by Thomas H. Kent is only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Ross Silcock. \| Elimination of similar species: Glossy Ibis - all had red face patch and complete white outline of white-faced. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 13:25:00/13:45:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	7	24
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Greater Prairie-Chicken at Cherokee, 1994	Administrative records Clippings (information artifacts) Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1994-01-06	1999-10-15	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of a Greater Prairie-Chicken at Cherokee in Cherokee County, IA on January 6, 1994. Includes a record review document with votes, three photos of the bird, an article in Iowa Bird Life, an article in Field Notes, and six documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Bierman, Dick	Greater Prairie-Chicken	Cherokee Municipal Airport	Cherokee Airport	open, grassy, few weed patches	The documentation form by Dick Bierman is the earliest and the one that forms the basis of this record. Other documentation forms by Marion Brewer, Dennis Henrickson, Don Poggensee, Jim Fuller, and Thomas H. Kent were submitted later. Other observers include Dick Tetrault, Jeff Brown, and Jerry Fifield. \| Elimination of similar species: Hen Pheasant, sharptailed grouse. They have longer pointed tails. Gray partridge has a redish [sic] tail and is smaller. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 14:30:00/14:45:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	9	9
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Ruff east of Tabor, 1982	Administrative records Clippings (information artifacts) Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1982-09-08	1999-10-15	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for a Ruff east of Tabor in Fremont County, IA on September 8, 1982. Includes a record review document with votes, articles in Iowa Bird Life and American Birds, and five documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Silcock, W. Ross	Ruff	Tabor	4 miles east of Tabor, in Fremont County	Lake Mar-I-War, being a waste disposal pond at Mar-I-War Farms' hog operation.	The documentation form by W. Ross Silcock forms the basis of this record. Other documentation forms by Tanya Bray, Barbara L. Wilson, Thomas H. Kent, and Joe Schaufenbuel were submitted. Other observers include Lynn Schaufenbuel, Peter Petersen, and B.J. Rose. \| Elimination of similar species: Lesser Yellowlegs, and Pectoral, Western, Least, and Semipalmated Sandpipers.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	10	9
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Little Gull south of Council Bluffs, 1992	Administrative records Clippings (information artifacts) Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1992-04-23	1999-10-15	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for a Little Gull south of Council Bluffs in Pottawattamie County, IA on April 23, 1992. Includes a record review document with votes, three photographs, articles in Iowa Bird Life and American Birds, and two documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Rose, B.J.	Little Gull	Council Bluffs	Approximately 2 miles south of Council Bluffs, Pottawattamie County, Iowa. It was about 1/2 mile north of the turn-off to the North Settling Pond of Iowa Power Plant, on the west side of highway L-31 (gravel).	Flooded fields.	The documentation form by B.J. Rose forms the basis of this record. Another documentation form by Babs Padelford was submitted. \| Elimination of similar species: Bonaparte's Gull is larger with longer, black-tipped primaries; has a shorter hood on back of head and neck and has white underside of wings. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 14:15:00/14:50:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	10	20
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting for Western Flycatcher at Lake Ahquabi State Park, 1992	Administrative records Clippings (information artifacts) Correspondence Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1992-11-14	1999-10-15	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for a Western Flycatcher at Lake Ahquabi State Park in Warren County, IA on November 14, 1992. Includes a record review document with votes, an article in American Birds, excerpts from Western Birds, articles in Pennsylvania birds, an article in Iowa Bird Life, correspondence relevant to bird sighting and review, eight photographs, and four documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Johnson, Ann	Empidonax Flycatchers	Lake Ahquabi State Park	Lake Ahquabi State Park, Warren County, IOWA	Woodland edge consisting primarily of honeysuckle and junipers	The documentation form by Ann Johnson is the earliest and the one that forms the basis of this record. Other documentation forms by Thomas H. Kent, Jim Fuller, and Brian Blevins were submitted later. Other observers include Ross Silcock, Peter Petersen, Kelly McKay, Corey Blevins, Jim Scheib, Jim Sinclair, John Daniel, Tim Schantz, Cal Knight, Bernie Knight, Chuck Fuller, David Youngblut, Beth Brown, Sherry Dragula, Bill Overland, Jane Overland, John Miller, Eugene Armstrong, Eloise Armstrong, and unidentified other observers. \| Elimination of similar species: The date of observation is historically good for a vagrant western flycatcher species, so this was in the back of my mind in assessing the characteristics observed. The presence of both eye ring and wing bars, in addition to size and shape, indicate that the bird fits the Empidonax complex. The combination of green back, yellow throat and pure orange lower mandible with no markings would eliminate Least, Hammond's, Dusky, Gray, Buff-breasted, Alder, and Willow Flycatchers. A juvenile Acadian can be eliminated by the short primary extension, color of the wings, size and shape of the eye ring, and active behavior. Only three species are indicated by the green upper parts and yellow under parts. Two are separable only by voice. The choices were between Yellow-bellied Flycatcher and Western (Cordilleran and Pacific-slope) Flycatcher. Back color is greener in Yellow-bellied and more olive in Western. Although the back looked olive, this was rather subjective. According to the Audubon Master Guide, behavior would be more indicative of a Yellow-bellied in that the bird was not flicking both tail and wings. According to Kaufman, however, behavior is quite variable. Three characteristics made me lean more toward Western complex. They were peaked appearance to the head (usually smooth and rounded in Yellow-bellied); almond-shaped eye ring (round, narrow, and more even in Yellow-bellied); and browner wings than eastern Empidonax. The color of the wings is again subjective, but the contrast between wing color and wing bars was less than the black/white (or even black/buff in fall birds) of eastern birds. Even with the variability that may occur in any Empidonax, it is unlikely that these three characteristics, which are common to the Western Flycatcher, would appear simultaneously in a Yellow-bellied Flycatcher. Further support is found in the Audubon Master Guide to Birding where it states in the description of Western Flycatcher, "...olive wash on the breast, flanks, and especially the sides tends to highlight a midventral yellow stripe" - one of the more obvious characteristics when viewed at close range from the front. IF the call notes heard belonged to this bird, it would indicate a Cordilleran Flycatacher, the most likely vagrant. None of us were able, however, to get the bird to call as we were observing it. Cal Knight played a tape and the bird became very agitated but did not call. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 11:00:00/14:00:00 on November 14, 1992 and 11:30:00/13:45:00 on November 15, 1992.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	12	35