Documents • Iowa State University • Avian Archives of Iowa Online

Title	Genres	Topics	Date (Start)	Date (End)	Type	Description	Creator/Author	Birds	Locations	Locality	Habitat	Remarks

Records Committee review for rare bird sighting for Black-throated Gray Warbler near Cedar Bluff, 1997	Administrative records Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1997-05-10	2000-11-24	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for a Black-throated Gray Warbler near Cedar Bluff in Cedar County, IA on May 10, 1997. Includes a record review document with votes and a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Huntington, James	Black-throated Gray Warbler	Cedar Bluff		Open woods near field or sedge meadow	The documentation form by James Huntington is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Carol Thompson and John Cordell. \| Elimination of similar species: Blackpoll - This bird was first called a Blackpoll, but then discrepancies were noted. Color of top of head was gray not black, white above and below black on cheek. Blackpoll has no loral spot. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 09:30:00/09:45:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	13	17
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting for Western Tanager at Decorah, 1986	Administrative records Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1986-04-22	1993-09-07	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for a Western Tanager at Decorah in Winneshiek County, IA on April 22, 1986. Includes a record review document with votes, a summary of the review, and a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Hovde, Harriet Hovde, Oivind M.	Western Tanager	Decorah	603 North St. Decorah Winneshiek County	Open yard with (deciduous + conifers) trees and shrubs near feeding station	The documentation form by Harriet and Oivind Hovde is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Orene Docken, Ardith Koenig, and Dorothy Peterson. \| Elimination of similar species: Scarlet Tanager - Eliminated because of color and wing bars \| The original documentation form event occurred around 16:30:00 on April 22, 1986 and 10:00:00 on April 24, 1986.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	13	29
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting for House Finch at Liscomb, 1983	Administrative records Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1983-04-15	1993-09-01	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for a House Finch at Liscomb in Hardin County, IA on April 15, 1983. Includes a record review document with votes, a summary of the review, and a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Proescholdt, Beth	House Finch	Liscomb	our feeders at Liscomb	open yard, locust tree (& many others), large shrubs	The documentation form by Beth Proescholdt is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Phyllis Harris and Ramona Sommerlot. \| Elimination of similar species: Purple finch - it was reddish, orange, not raspberry colored - it had streaked flanks & belly - & it had brown back with no red coloration. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 10:00:00/11:15:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	14	15
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Prairie Falcon southwest of Calumet, 1985	Administrative records Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1985-03-08	1993-09-03	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for a Prairie Falcon southwest of Calumet in O'Brien County, IA on March 8, 1985. Includes a record review document with votes, a summary of the review, and a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Bierman, Dick	Prairie Falcon	Calumet	1 mile southwest of Calumet in O'Brien County	open, agricultural land	The documentation form by Dick Bierman is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. \| Elimination of similar species: Peregrine Falcon - Band on head not wide enough. Merlin, this bird was bigger. I guessed about a 30" wingspan. An immature Peregrine's back is much darker. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 15:00:00/15:01:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	9	6
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Greater Prairie-Chicken at Cherokee, 1994	Administrative records Clippings (information artifacts) Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1994-01-06	1999-10-15	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of a Greater Prairie-Chicken at Cherokee in Cherokee County, IA on January 6, 1994. Includes a record review document with votes, three photos of the bird, an article in Iowa Bird Life, an article in Field Notes, and six documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Bierman, Dick	Greater Prairie-Chicken	Cherokee Municipal Airport	Cherokee Airport	open, grassy, few weed patches	The documentation form by Dick Bierman is the earliest and the one that forms the basis of this record. Other documentation forms by Marion Brewer, Dennis Henrickson, Don Poggensee, Jim Fuller, and Thomas H. Kent were submitted later. Other observers include Dick Tetrault, Jeff Brown, and Jerry Fifield. \| Elimination of similar species: Hen Pheasant, sharptailed grouse. They have longer pointed tails. Gray partridge has a redish [sic] tail and is smaller. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 14:30:00/14:45:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	9	9
Rare bird documentation form for Prairie Falcon east of Irvington, 1988	Field notes	Birds--Identification Ornithology Rare birds	1988-10-23	N/A	Rare birds documentation form	Rare bird documentation form for a Prairie Falcon east of Irvington in Kossuth County, IA on October 23, 1988.	Kenne, Matthew C.	Prairie Falcon	Irvington	2 mi E of Irvington, Kossuth Co. Ia	open, harvested fields	The documentation form by Matthew Kenne is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Karla Kenne. \| Elimination of similar species: Bird did not have dark color of Peregrine's back, dark cap, or heavy 'sideburns'. Did not have the heavy barring on the underside of the tail like the Merlin. Dark axillaries and dark bar on underwing are features of no other raptor, falcon or other wise. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 18:00:00/18:30:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	33	35
Rare bird documentation form for Red-necked Phalarope at Big Spirit Lake, 1991	Field notes	Birds--Identification Ornithology Rare birds	1991-09-15	1991-09-18	Rare birds documentation form	Rare bird documentation form for a Red-necked Phalarope at Big Spirit Lake in Dickinson County, IA on September 15, 1991.	Schoenewe, Lee A.	Red-necked Phalarope	Spirit Lake	North shore of Big Spirit Lake	Open, protected bay between large lake and marsh	The documentation form by Lee A. Schoenewe is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Dennis McFarland. \| Elimination of similar species: Bill shorter than Wilson's but thin. White wing stripes and white highlights distinguished from other phalaropes. \| The original documentation form event occurred around 11:14:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	34	30
Rare bird documentation form for Say's Phoebe at Eagle Township in Sioux County, 1987	Field notes	Birds--Identification Birdsongs Ornithology Rare birds	1987-06-04	N/A	Rare birds documentation form	Rare bird documentation form for a Say's Phoebe at Eagle Township in Sioux County, IA on June 4, 1987.	Harr, Douglas C.	Say's Phoebe	Eagle Township	NE1/4, Section 16, Eagle Twp., Sioux County (5 mi. NE of Hawarden, Iowa)	open, rolling farmland	The documentation form by Douglas Harr is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. \| Elimination of similar species: Eastern Phoebe--a completely different color; voice was not that of E. Phoebe. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 08:35:00/08:36:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	34	70
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting for Ancient Murrelet at Crystal Lake, 1987	Administrative records Clippings (information artifacts) Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1987-10-28	1993-09-07	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for an Ancient Murrelet at Crystal Lake in Hancock County, IA on October 28, 1987. Includes a record review document with votes, an article in Iowa Bird Life, and a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Hansen, James L.	Ancient Murrelet	Crystal Lake	Crystal Lake (1/2 mi. N of town of Crystal Lake, Hancock Co.)	open, shallow lake	The documentation form by James L. Hansen is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. \| Elimination of similar species: Other murrelets and similar water birds were ruled out by the head pattern and the pink bill. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 13:00:00/13:30:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	12	6
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting for Sprague's Pipit at Waterman Creek Area, 1998	Administrative records Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1998-02-22	2000-11-24	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for a Sprague's Pipit at Waterman Creek Area in O'Brien County, IA on February 22, 1998. Includes a record review document with votes and a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Schoenewe, Lee A.	Sprague's Pipit	Waterman Creek	Waterman Creek Area O'Brien Co	Open, weedy field with old corn stubble	The documentation form by Lee A. Schoenewe is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Another observer was Nancy P. Schoenewe. \| Elimination of similar species: Smith's Longspur - song in flight [...]s rattle call Water Pipit and Vesper Sparrow - call note and song in high, circling flight light underwings with buffy body \| The original documentation form event occurred around 14:45:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	13	13
Rare bird documentation form for Laughing Gull at Babcock Access at Coralville Reservoir, 1999	Field notes	Birds--Identification Ornithology Rare birds	1999-08-10	N/A	Rare birds documentation form	Rare bird documentation form for a Laughing Gull at Babcock Access at Coralville Reservoir in Johnson County, IA on August 10, 1999.	Kent, Thomas H. (Thomas Hugh), 1934-	Laughing Gull	Babcock Access	Babcock Access, Coraville Res., Johnson Co., Iowa	Open, wide part of reservoir with mud flats.	The documentation form by Thomas H. Kent is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include James Huntington and Jim Fuller. \| Elimination of similar species: 1st year Franklin's Gull has more pattern to wings and more extensive tail band. 2nd year Franklin's would have less black in outer wing and more of a half-[illegible]. This bird was not close enough to see the bill well on details on the tail band. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 18:05:00/18:20:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	34	31
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting for Burrowing Owl at Rathbun Reservoir, 1986	Administrative records Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1986-12-20	1993-09-07	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for a Burrowing Owl at Rathbun Reservoir in Appanoose County, IA on December 20, 1986. Includes a record review document with votes, a summary of the review, and three documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Strough, Randy D.	Burrowing Owl	Rathbun Lake	Appanoose County, Lake Rathbun, 1.5 miles North on paved road to Southfork Marina off J5T	Open; harvested bean field west side of road, harvested corn field east side of road. The ditches were mowed clean of weeds and lacked trees or shrubs	The documentation form by Randal D. Strough forms the basis of this record. Other documentation forms by Ray Cummins and Steve Dinsmore were submitted. Another observer includes Tom Johnson. \| Elimination of similar species: Screech Owl: a screech owl has ear tufts (except young screech owls may lack conspicuous ear tufts). The belly has vertical barring, and lacks definate [sic] spots on head and back. Legs are not conspicuously long. Saw-whet Owl: has vertical streaked belly, and lacks conspicuously long legs. Habitat: conifer groves, there where [sic] none in the immediate area. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 16:45:00/17:05:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	12	17
Rare bird documentation form for Northern Parula at Saylorville Reservoir, 1999	Field notes	Birds--Identification Ornithology Rare birds	1999-11-13	1999-11-14	Rare birds documentation form	Rare bird documentation form for a Northern Parula at Saylorville Reservoir in Polk County, IA on November 13, 1999.	Dinsmore, James J.	Northern Parula	Saylorville Lake	visitor's center, Saylorville Reservoir, Polk County	opening in woodland	The documentation form by James Dinsmore is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. \| Elimination of similar species: The combination of wing bars, eye crescents, and olive on back pretty much eliminate any other warbler. Eye crescents eliminate the remote possibility of a Tropical Parula. \| The original documentation form event occurred around 08:15:00/08:18:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	35	21
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Pacific Loon at Rathbun Reservoir, 1996	Administrative records Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1996-10-11	2000-11-27	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for a Pacific Loon at Rathbun Dam in Appanoose County, IA on October 11, 1996. Includes a record review document with votes and a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Cummins, Raymond L.	Pacific Loon	Rathbun Dam	Rathbun dam, Appanoose Co.	Openwater	The documentation form by Ray Cummins is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Bill Cummins. \| Elimination of similar species: Common and Red-throated both have a dark nape than back and have white above the eye. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 08:30:00/08:40:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	7	7
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Ibis species at Otter Creek Marsh, 1981	Administrative records Field notes	Birds--Identification Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1981-05-01	1993-08-16	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of a species of Ibis (White-faced or Glossy) at Otter Creek Marsh in Tama County, IA on May 1, 1981. Includes a record review document with votes and a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Proescholdt, Beth	Glossy Ibises	Otter Creek Marsh State Wildlife Refuge	Otter Creek Marsh - South Central Tama County	Otter Creek Marsh - in the area where water had apparently been let out to form mud flats, interspersed with very shallow water	The documentation form by Beth Proescholdt is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Phyllis Harris, Garnita Seward, and Ramona Sommerlot. \| Elimination of similar species: Curlew - but not correct shape for a curlew. White ibis - wrong color. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 18:00:00/18:15:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	7	21
Rare bird documentation form for an Ibis species at Otter Creek Marsh, 1981	Field notes Forms (documents)	Birds--Identification Ornithology Rare birds	1981-05-01	1981-05-24	Rare birds documentation form	Rare bird documentation form for an Ibis species at Otter Creek Marsh in Tama County, IA on May 1, 1981.	Proescholdt, Beth	Glossy Ibises	Otter Creek Marsh State Wildlife Refuge	Otter Creek Marsh - south central Tama County	Otter Creek Marsh, in the area where water had apparently been let out to form mud flats, interspersed with very shallow water	The documentation form by Beth Proescholdt is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Phyllis Harris, Garnite Seward, and Ramona Sommerlot. \| Elimination of similar species: Curlew - but not correct shape for a curlew, White ibis - wrong color. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 18:00:00/18:15:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	32	24
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting for Golden-crowned Sparrow at Jamaica, 1977	Administrative records Clippings (information artifacts) Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1977-05-03	1993-08-26	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for a Golden-crowned Sparrow at Jamaica in Guthrie County, IA on May 3, 1977. Includes a record review document with votes, an article in Iowa Bird Life, and a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Burns, R. E. (Rollin Eugene)	Golden-crowned Sparrow	Jamaica	Jamaica, Iowa (Guthrie County), in my back yard.	Our back yard, which is kept closely mowed, surrounded by many different kinds of trees and bushes. I keep 4 ground waterers filled at all times and had my garden hose dripping into one of them. He was feeding close to our ground feeders, but not actually in them.	The documentation form by Gene Burns is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Marilyn Burns, Woodward H. Brown, Dick Mooney, Margaret Brooke, Ruth Buckles, Eugene Armstrong, Barney Cook, Dean Mosman, and Diane Mosman. \| Elimination of similar species: My first sight told me it was something different than a White-throated, White-crowned or Harris Sparrow. I immediately called for my wife to come quickly and observe him with me. We sit by the hour at our large window where I have my desk and bird books and binoculars, scope, recorders and camera. We had an excellent view of him at close range in good light. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 17:15:00/17:20:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	13	40
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting for House Finch at Davenport, 1983	Administrative records Correspondence Field notes	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1983-06-17	1993-09-01	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for rare bird sighting for a House Finch at Davenport in Scott County, IA on June 17, 1983. Includes a record review document with votes, a summary of the review and a letter from Ann Barker to Tom Kent containing a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Barker, Ann M. Barker, William S.	House Finch	Davenport	in yard around feeder	our yard is at the edge of a suburban neighborhood with 30 or so houses, with cultivated fields immediately adjacent on 2 sides.	The documentation form by Bill and Ann Barker is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. \| Elimination of similar species: A finch, slightly larger than Goldfinches concurrently at feeder. A thinner or less puffy appearance than Purple Finch, with brighter more orange red color. Shape of head may be flatter than Purple Finch. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 18:10:00/19:00:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	14	15
Rare bird documentation form for Merlin at Co. Rd. W48 in Johnson County, 1979	Field notes	Birds--Identification Ornithology--Societies, etc Rare birds	1979-03-18	N/A	Rare birds documentation form	Rare bird documentation form for a Merlin at Co. Rd. W48 in Johnson County, IA on March 18, 1979.	Halmi, Nicholas S.	Merlin	Hawkeye Wildlife Management Area	Co. Rd. W48, Johnson Co., Iowa	over flooded fields, tailwaters of Coralville Reservoir	The documentation form by Nicholas S. Halmi is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. \| Elimination of similar species: Kestrel - slimmer, flight less direct and powerful. Sharp-shin: Rounded wings, relatively longer tail, more flapping flights \| The original documentation form event lasted from 14:00:00/14:00:15.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	33	32
Rare bird documentation form for Golden Eagle at Lacey-Keosauqua State Park, 1991	Field notes	Birds--Identification Ornithology Rare birds	1991-04-28	1991-04-29	Rare birds documentation form	Rare bird documentation form for a Golden Eagle at Lacey-Keosauqua State Park in Van Buren County, IA on April 28, 1991.	Kent, Thomas H. (Thomas Hugh), 1934-	Golden Eagle	Lacey-Keosauqua State Park	Lacey-Keosauqua State Park, Van Buren Co., Iowa	Over forested area of Des Moines River	The documentation form by Thomas H. Kent is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Bob Cecil. \| Elimination of similar species: Osprey, Turkey Vulture, and immature Bald Eagle are all eliminated by the distribution of white. The size and profile was typical of Golden Eagle. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 14:30:00/14:32:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	33	31
Rare bird documentation form for Golden Eagle at Upper Iowa River in Allamakee County, 1981	Field notes	Birds--Identification Ornithology Rare birds	1981-02-14	N/A	Rare birds documentation form	Rare bird documentation form for a Golden Eagle at Upper Iowa River in Allamakee County, IA on February 14, 1981.	Kent, Thomas H. (Thomas Hugh), 1934-	Golden Eagle	Allamakee County	Upper Iowa River, Allamakee Co IA	Over high rocky hills and river valley - 5 mi east of #76 on county road #26 in Allamakee C.	The documentation form by Thomas H. Kent is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. \| Elimination of similar species: Immature bald eagle - location of white, head size and habitat for Golden Eagle. Known to winter in this area. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 11:42:00/11:46:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	33	31
Rare bird documentation form for Ibis species at Nashua, 1984	Field notes Forms (documents)	Birds--Identification Ornithology Rare birds	1984-09-29	1984-10-06	Rare birds documentation form	Rare bird documentation form for an Ibis species at Nashua in Chickasaw County, IA on the Cedar River on September 29, 1984.	Proescholdt, Mark	Glossy Ibises	Nashua	Nashua, Chickasaw County, Cedar River	over main river channel - sandbars, some marshy areas	The documentation form by Mark Proescholdt is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Beth Proescholdt and Steve Dinsmore. \| Elimination of similar species: Double-crested Cormorant. From a distance the ibis had a similar body shape but long decurved bill and dark purplish brown color determined an ibis. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 15:48:00/15:50:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	32	24
Rare bird documentation form for Golden Eagle at Macbride Recreation Area, 1975	Field notes	Birds--Identification Ornithology Rare birds	1975-03-19	N/A	Rare birds documentation form	Rare bird documentation form for a Golden Eagle at Macbride Recreation Area northeast of North Liberty in Johnson County, IA on March 19, 1975.	Halmi, Nicholas S.	Golden Eagle	Macbride Nature Recreation Area	over Univ. of Iowa Macbride Campus, NE of North Liberty, Iowa	over park with deciduous woods and clumps of planted conifers, between Coralville Reservoir and Lake Macbride	The documentation form by Nicholas S. Halmi is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. \| Elimination of similar species: Much larger than dark-phase Rough-legged Hawk. White on wing the reverse of that in imm. Bald Eagle. Tail larger in relation to body than in Bald Eagle, not mottled but distinctly banded. General plumage lighter than that of imm. Bald Eagle. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 14:10:00/14:15:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	33	31
Rare bird documentation form for Swainson's Hawk at Hawkeye Wildlife Area, 1992	Field notes	Birds--Identification Ornithology Rare birds	1992-04-04	1992-04-05	Rare birds documentation form	Rare bird documentation form for a Swainson's Hawk at Round Pond in Hawkeye Wildlife Area in Johnson County, IA on April 4, 1992.	Scheib, James	Swainson's Hawk	Hawkeye Wildlife Management Area	Just east & south of Round Pond in Hawkeye WIldlife Area, Johnson Co.	Over trees lining a grassy field on south side of Swan Lake Road.	The documentation form by James Scheib is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Sharon Scheib. \| Elimination of similar species: I assumed a Red-tailed hawk until I put my binoculars on it and saw that it lacked the patagial marks of a RTH and had a dark mottled pattern underneath including the breast, thus really getting my attention. I next assumed a Rough-legged Hawk and looked to the wing pattern, but the wrist markings were dark commas, not the large carpal patch in a RLH. See above for RTH & RLH. From the first I never considered it to be a Red-shouldered Hawk because of the highly contrasting patterning of the underside as opposed to the duller, finer underside of the RSH. The size was also that of a larger hawk. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 09:00:00/09:02:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	33	28
Rare bird documentation form for Black-legged Kittiwake at Coralville Reservoir, 1976	Field notes	Birds--Identification Ornithology Rare birds	1976-10-27	1976-10-28	Rare birds documentation form	Rare bird documentation form for a Black-legged Kittiwake at Coralville Reservoir in Johnson County, IA on October 27, 1976.	Halmi, Nicholas S.	Black-legged Kittiwake	Coralville Lake	Coralville Reservoir, Johnson Co. Iowa	Over water. in a small inlet formed by the scalloped SW shore of the reservoir	The documentation form by Nicholas S. Halmi is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Mike Newlon, Carol Newlon, Rich DeCoster, Allan Mueller, Lillian Serbousek, and Weir Nelson. \| Elimination of similar species: Bonaparte's has no nuchal crescent, more white on wings, square on rounded tail; Black-headed - ditto, with even more white on wings; Sabine's: no nuchal spot, wing pattern of black-gray-white triangles, head gray in back; Ross's - no nuchal crescent, wedge-shaped tail, no spot behind eye; Little - much smaller, nuchal crescent (if present) merely an extension of the dark gray back, not demarcated in white, black cap. Of these only the imm. Bonaparte's is more common than the Kittiwake in Iowa. This is the third record for the state (last seen in Davenport Dec. 1967). \| The original documentation form event lasted from 16:20:00/16:40:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	34	40