Documents • Iowa State University • Avian Archives of Iowa Online

Title	Genres	Topics	Date (Start)	Date (End)	Type	Description	Creator/Author	Birds	Locations	Locality	Habitat	Remarks

Photograph of Iowa Ornithologists' Union presidents	Photographs	Bird watchers Ornithology--Societies, etc	1933-05-06	N/A	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	A group photo of the former Iowa Ornithologists' Union presidents who held the position from 1923-1932 and the 1933 president, May 6, 1933. From left to right: Dr. George O. Hendrickson (1933-1934), Dr. F.L.R. Roberts (1931-1932), Walter W. Bennett (1929-1930), Arthur J. Palas (1927-1928) and Walter M. Rosene (1923-1926). The photograph was reproduced in the June, 1933, issue of "Iowa Bird Life." Photograph originally titled "Group photo of IOU presidents." Rosene provides details on back of photograph.	Pierce, Fred J.		Fairfield				Walter M. Rosene, Sr. Papers \| MS 589	19	9
Photograph of a group of Iowa Ornithologists' Union birders	Photographs	Bird watchers Ornithology--Societies, etc	N/A	N/A	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	A group of Iowa Ornithologists' Union birders, including Walter Rosene (back left) and Arthur J. Palas (back right). Photograph originally titled "IOU Birders."							Walter M. Rosene, Sr. Papers \| MS 589	17	8
Photograph of Northern Saw-whet Owl, 1996	Photographs	Birds--Identification Ornithology Photography of birds Rare birds	1996-02-11	N/A	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Black-and-white photograph of a Northern Saw-whet Owl taken at Crawford Creek in Ida County, IA on February 11, 1996 by an unknown author.		Northern Saw-whet Owl	Crawford Creek County Recreation Area				Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	34	55
Lantern slide and photograph of an umbrella blind for photographing birds	Lantern slides Photographs	Ornithology--Methodology Photography of birds	N/A	N/A	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	An umbrella blind used for photographing birds, set up in a grassy area. The blind has an entrance on the left side and several different apertures through which photographs can be taken. Slide originally titled "Blind for Photographing Birds." Details provided on the back of photograph.	Rosene, Walter, 1880-1941						Walter M. Rosene, Sr. Papers \| MS 589	5	11
Lantern slide and photograph of Walter Rosene on an observation tower investigating a Great Horned Owl nest	Lantern slides Photographs	Bird watchers Birds--Nests Ornithology--Methodology	1932-05-01	N/A	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Walter Rosene at the top of an observation tower, located in Litchfield Woods, investigating a Great Horned Owl nest, May 1, 1932. Slide originally titled "Horned Owl's Nest (observation post)." Rosene provides details on photograph.		Great Horned Owl	Boone County				Walter M. Rosene, Sr. Papers \| MS 589	2	63
Lantern slide and photograph of Walter Rosene on a ladder attached to a tree	Lantern slides Photographs	Bird watchers Birds--Nests Ornithology--Methodology	N/A	N/A	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Walter Rosene sitting on a ladder that is attached to tree trunk. Rosene is attached to the tree via a pulley system in order to create a swinging scaffold which was used to reach and photograph the nest of a Great Horned Owl, located 37 feet up in the top of hollow tree. Slide originally titled "Ladder to Nest." Rosene provides details on photograph and type-written note.		Great Horned Owl					Walter M. Rosene, Sr. Papers \| MS 589	1	8
Doug Reeves letter and photograph to W. Ross Silcock regarding Breeding Bird Atlas special documentation forms and a Barn Owl nest, February 12, 1987	Correspondence Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Birds--Nests Ornithology--Methodology Birds--Infancy	1987-02-12	N/A	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Letter and photograph from Doug Reeves to W. Ross Silcock regarding Breeding Bird Atlas special documentation forms and a Barn Owl nest, February 12, 1987. This item was used as supporting documentation for the Iowa Ornithologists' Union Quarterly field report of summer 1987.	Reeves, Doug	Barn Owl Northern Goshawk	Boone Tabor Wayne County				Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	23	1
Photograph of faculty members from the American School of Wildlife Protection	Photographs	Ornithology--Study and teaching Wildlife conservationists	1928-08-07	1928-08-18	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Eleven faculty members from the American School of Wildlife Protection in McGregor posing outside, August 7-18, 1928. Photograph originally titled "Faculty of Wildlife School at McGregor, Iowa." Rosene provides details on back of photograph.			McGregor				Walter M. Rosene, Sr. Papers \| MS 589	13	4
Photograph of a Wood Duck in a house	Photographs	Birds--Research Ornithology--Methodology Birdhouses--Design and construction	1965-01-01	1965-12-31	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	A Wood Duck looks out of a string covered opening in a Wood Duck house, 1965. The string stretched across the bird house opening was used by Frederic Leopold to determine whether birds had entered or left the nest.	Leopold, Frederic, 1895-1989	Wood Duck	Burlington				Frederic Leopold Papers \| MS 113	6	6
Photograph of paper covering the entrance to a Wood Duck house	Photographs	Birds--Research Ornithology--Methodology Birdhouses--Design and construction	1966-05-01	1966-05-31	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	A wooden Wood Duck house attached to the side of tree trunk, May 1966. The opening to the duck house is covered by a piece of paper that is fastened with string.	Leopold, Frederic, 1895-1989	Wood Duck	Burlington				Frederic Leopold Papers \| MS 113	6	14
Iowa Ornithologists' Union board of directors, 1986	Photographs	Bird watchers Ornithology--Societies, etc	1986-01-01	1986-12-31	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Photograph of the Iowa Ornithologists' Union's board of directors, 1986. The photograph was taken by Thomas H. Kent at Grinnell, Iowa.	Kent, Thomas H. (Thomas Hugh), 1934-		Grinnell				Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	6	12
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting for Common Ground-Dove near Mohawk Park at Cedar Rapids, 1991	Administrative records Clippings (information artifacts) Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1991-10-24	1993-07-17	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for a Common Ground-Dove near Mohawk Park at Cedar Rapids in Linn County, IA on October 24, 1991. Includes a record review document with votes, an article in Iowa Bird Life, three photographs, and ten documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Fuller, James L	Common Ground-Dove	Mohawk Park	Cedar Rapids (Linn County) Just south of J Avenue near Mohawk Park. Weedy and brushy area with RR tracks.		The documentation form by Jim Fuller forms the basis of this record. Other documentation forms by Thomas H. Kent, Randall Pinkston, Peter C. Petersen, Gerald White, Carl J. Bendorf, Ann Johnson, Pam Allen, Babs Padelford and Loren Padelford, and Mark Proescholdt were submitted. Other observers include Sam Dunkel, Cal Knight, Bernie Knight, Beth Proescholdt, Reid Allen, Francis Moore, Jim Scheib, Roy Godwin, Ross Silcock, Chuck Fuller, Jane Fuller, Carol Thompson, Dick Tetrault, Eugene Armstrong, Eloise Armstrong and other unidentified observers. \| Elimination of similar species: The ruddy ground dove, which is of comparable size does not have scaling anywhere on its body. The Inca dove does have scaling, but it has a longer tail, an entirely black bill, has a light belly with black stripes, and lacks the black spots on the folded wing. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 13:40:00/14:50:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	12	11
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting for Black-headed Grosbeak at Nevada, 1990	Administrative records Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1990-05-21	1993-07-17	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for a Black-headed Grosbeak at Nevada in Story County, IA on May 21, 1990. Includes a record review document with votes, a photo and a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Abbott, Bill	Black-headed Grosbeak	Nevada	1031 H. Ave. Nevada, Iowa 50201		The documentation form by Bill Abbott is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. \| Elimination of similar species: The fact this bird was sighted on May 21 and 22 makes it very unlikely an immature Rose breasted grosbeak. The red patch shown on the shoulder of an immature grosbeak was not observed. The breast on the bird observed was not as spotted or steaked [sic] as shown on the female rose breasted grosbeak. \| The original documentation form event occurred around 18:00:00 on May 21 and 07:00:00 on May 22.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	14	3
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting for Western Tanager at Elk Rock State Park, 1991	Administrative records Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1991-05-07	1993-07-17	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for a Western Tanager at Elk Rock State Park in Marion County, IA on May 7, 1991. Includes a record review document with votes, a photograph with a report, and two documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Johnson, Ann	Western Tanager	Elk Rock State Park	South Elk Rock State Park, Red Rock Reservoir, Marion Co., Iowa	Soft deciduous and brushy area near water	The documentation form by Ann Johnson forms the basis of this record. Another documentation form by Jim Fuller was submitted. Other observers include Tim Schantz, Cal Knight, Bernie Knight, Eugene Armstrong, Eloise Armstrong, Dennis Thompson, and Beth Brown. \| Elimination of similar species: The combination of red face and yellow body eliminated all other tanagers. Females of other species would not show red on the face, and young males going into first alternate plumage would not have the red coloration restricted to the head. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 12:45:00/17:30:00 with bird seen three times for a total of 25-30 minutes.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	13	29
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Iceland Gull at Red Rock Reservoir Dam, 1991	Administrative records Clippings (information artifacts) Correspondence Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1991-03-13	1993-07-17	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for an Iceland Gull at Red Rock Reservoir Dam in Marion County, IA on March 13, 1991. Includes a record review document with votes, seven photographs, an article in Iowa Bird Life, correspondence about bird sighting and review, and eleven documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Schantz, Tim	Iceland Gull	Red Rock Dam	Below Red Rock Dam, Marion County, Iowa		The documentation form by Tim Schantz is the earliest and the one that forms the basis of this record. Other documentation forms by Jim Fuller, Ann Johnson, Thomas H. Kent, Diane Porter, Jim Sinclair, Stephen Dinsmore, James Dinsmore, Beth Proescholdt, and Mark Proescholdt were submitted later. Other observers include Dawn DeVore, Dick Tetrault, Jim Scheib, Beth Brown, Michael Porter, Eugene Armstrong, Eloise Armstrong, and many unidentified observers. \| Elimination of similar species: [...] Iowa Birds mentions that there is a problem separating Iceland with Thayers. If there was any problem with this bird being anything it was a Glaucous Gull of the same age. However the bird was smaller than the Herring Gulls that were on the roost. Long wings will rule out the rare small race of Glaucous Gull. There are not to [sic] many birds that have primaries lighter than the mantle in the sitting bird.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	11	4
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Laughing Gull at Oak Grove Beach at Saylorville Reservoir, 1990	Administrative records Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1990-04-13	1993-07-17	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of a Laughing Gull at Oak Grove Beach at Saylorville Reservoir in Polk County, IA on April 13, 1990. Includes a record review document with votes, a photocopy of a photo, and a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Dinsmore, Stephen J.	Laughing Gull	Oak Grove Recreation Area	Oak Grove Beach, Saylorville Reservoir, Polk Co., IA		The documentation form by Stephen J. Dinsmore is the only one submitted and forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Eugene Armstrong and Eloise Armstrong. \| Elimination of similar species: On the basis of the dark hood, size, and dark gray mantle, all gulls except for Laughing and Franklin's gulls can be removed from consideration. I will admit that I was skeptical that a Laughing Gull could show up in Iowa on such an early spring date; most interior records are from May-June. But, given the evidence, I am convinced that this bird was indeed a Laughing Gull. The size of this bird, nearly that of a ring-billed gull, favors Laughing Gull. The bill shape and size, length of the legs, wing pattern, and extent of the eye crescents also favor Laughing Gull. An adult Franklin's Gull can be eliminated by the lack of a white bar separating the gray inner wing from the black wingtip. One year-old Franklin's Gulls, however, may show a wing pattern like that of this bird. But, according to Kaufman (1990), such a Franklin's Gull should show some white flecks on the hood, and would be most likely encountered in late spring and summer. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 10:48:00/11:34:00 and 12:26:00/13:20:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	10	18
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Red Phalarope at Sandpiper Beach at Saylorville Reservoir, 1991	Administrative records Clippings (information artifacts) Correspondence Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1991-09-25	1993-07-17	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for a Red Phalarope at Sandpiper Beach at Saylorville Reservoir in Polk County, IA on September 25, 1991. Includes a record review document with votes, articles in Iowa Bird Life and American Birds, three photos, and eleven documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Proescholdt, Mark	Red Phalarope	Sandpiper Recreation Area	Sandpiper Beach - Saylorville Reservoir	Small little bay along a sandy shore	The documentation form by Mark Proescholdt is the earliest and the one that forms the basis of this record. Other documentation forms by Robert Cecil, Ann Johnson, Randall Pinkston, Jim Fuller, Reid Allen, Jim Dinsmore, Gerald White, Ray Cummins, Tim Schantz, and Peter C. Petersen were submitted later. Other observers include Denny Thompson, Jim Sinclair, Bery Engebretson, Jim Scheib, Chuck Fuller, Pam Allen, Bob Myers, Hank Zalatel, Eugene Armstrong, and Eloise Armstrong. \| Elimination of similar species: A Sanderling lacks the black bar through the eye and does not have a grayish back. A Red-Necked Phalarope has vivid streaks on its back and a longer, thinner bill. A Wilson's Phalarope has no wing stripe and has a long, thin bill and is a paler bird. \| The original documentation form event lasted from approximately 17:30:00/19:07:00 or sunset.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	10	12
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Mississippi Kite at suburban Des Moines, 1991	Administrative records Clippings (information artifacts) Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1991-06-22	1993-07-17	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of two Mississippi Kites at suburban Des Moines in Polk County, IA on July 22, 1991. Includes a record review document with votes, photocopy of an Iowa Bird Life magazine cover page photograph, and five documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Cecil, Robert I.	Mississippi Kite	Des Moines	Suburban Des Moines, Polk County, Iowa	Wooded residential	The documentation form by Robert Cecil is the earliest and the one that forms the basis of this record. Other documentation forms by Jim and Jane Fuller, Mark Proescholdt, Ann Johnson, and Barbara L. Wilson were submitted later. Other observers include Tim Schantz, Dennis Thompson, Cecile Thompson, Ross Silcock, Tanya Bray, Beth Proescholdt, Ann Crane, Fred Crane, Jim Dinsmore, Sue Spieker, Eloise Armstrong, Eugene Armstrong, Beth Brown, John Cecil, and many unidentified other observers. \| Elimination of similar species: White-tailed kite has white tail, black shoulder patches. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 15:50:00/16:10:00 on June 22, 1991.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	8	26
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Pacific Loon at Pleasant Creek State Park, 1991	Administrative records Clippings (information artifacts) Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1991-11-09	1993-07-17	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for a Pacific Loon at Pleasant Creek State Park in Linn County, IA on November 9, 1991. Includes a record review document with votes, a photo, pages from an issue of Iowa Bird Life, and six documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Kent, Thomas H. (Thomas Hugh), 1934-	Pacific Loon	Pleasant Creek State Park	Pleasant Creek State Park, Linn Co., IA.	Deep artificial lake with many ducks.	The documentation form by Thomas H. Kent is the earliest and the one that forms the basis of this record. Other documentation forms by Jim Fuller, David L. Dankert, Randall Pinkston, Carl J. Bendorf, and Mark Proescholdt were submitted later. Other observers include Pete Wickham, John Daniel, Jeffrey B. Dankert, Beth Proescholdt, Pam Allen and Reid Allen. \| Elimination of similar species: No Common Loons present for comparison, but several were seen earlier in day at Lake Macbride. Bill thinner and straighter than Common Loon. No white around eye. Very sharp demarcation down neck. Neck mark was very thin and faint to me. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 12:00:00/12:45:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	7	7
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Harris's Hawk at South of Blairstown, 1989	Administrative records Field notes Forms (documents) Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1989-09-10	1993-08-05	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of a Harris's Hawk at South of Blairstown in Benton County, IA on September 10, 1989. Includes a record review document with votes, a photo and two documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Fuller, James L	Harris's Hawk	Blairstown	2 1/2 miles South of Blairstown (Benton Co.) along I-56	Feedlot and open grazing land (hilly)	The documentation form by Jim Fuller is the earliest and the one that forms the basis of this record. Other documentation forms by Thomas H. Kent were submitted later. Other observers include Keith Carris, Carl Bendorf, Jim Fuller, and Ken Lowder. \| Elimination of similar species: Hawk at one time - appeared to be about the same size. White-tailed hawk has similar shoulder patch but breast is light. Dark phase Swainson's or red tail do not have white undertail or this tail pattern. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 06:45:00/07:30:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	8	30
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Mississippi Kite at Dudgeon Lake area, 1989	Administrative records Clippings (information artifacts) Field notes Forms (documents) Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1989-06-06	1993-08-05	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of a Mississippi Kite at Dudgeon Lake in Benton County, IA on June 6, 1989. Includes a record review document with votes, an article in Iowa Bird Life, three photographs, and nine documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Proescholdt, Mark	Mississippi Kite	Dudgeon Lake State Wildlife Mgt Area	Dudgeon Lake area - N. of Vinton - (Benton Co.)	Riverbottom woods along Cedar River with pond and power line cut	The documentation form by Mark Proescholdt is the earliest and the one that forms the basis of this record. Other documentation forms by Steve Dinsmore, Thomas H. Kent, Carl J. Bendorf, Beth Proescholdt, Jim Fuller, Randy Pinkston, Peter C. Petersen, and Diane Porter were submitted later .Other observers include Brian Blevins, Phyllis Harris, Jim Sinclair, Eugene Armstrong, Eloise Armstrong, Marc Phelps, Dave Conrads, Anne Barker, and Steve Poe. \| Elimination of similar species: There really are no similar species. An adult Black-shouldered Kite is very distinctive and the immature does not have a barred tail. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 06:33:00/07:45:00 and 11:45:00/12:30:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	8	26
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting for Barrow's Goldeneye at DeSoto National Wildlife Refuge, 1989	Administrative records Clippings (information artifacts) Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1988-01-02	1993-08-05	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for a Barrow's Goldeneye at DeSoto National Wildlife Refuge in Harrison County, IA on January 2, 1989. Includes a record review document with votes, photographs of the bird, an article in Iowa Bird Life, and four documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Silcock, W. Ross	Barrow's Goldeneye	DeSoto National Wildlife Refuge	DeSoto NWR	Oxbow Lake, Partly open	The documentation form by Ross Silcock is the earliest and the one that forms the basis of this record. Other documentation forms by Steve Dinsmore and Jim Fuller were submitted later. Other observers include Ann Johnson, Ruth Green, and Tanya Bray. \| Elimination of similar species: See above - all features eliminate Common Goldeneye. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 10:30:00/12:30:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	8	21
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Trumpeter Swan at Charles City, 1989	Administrative records Clippings (information artifacts) Field notes Forms (documents) Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1989-02-26	1993-08-05	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of a Trumpeter Swan at Charles City in Floyd County, IA on February 26, 1989. Includes a record review document with votes, three photocopied photos, an article in Iowa Bird Life, and a documentation form submitted to the committee.	Walter, Janice L.	Trumpeter Swan	Charles City	Cedar River at end of Maple St., Charles City, IA	Narrow stretch of open water along bank of frozen river	The documentation form by Jan L. Walter is the earliest and the one that forms the basis of this record. Other observers include Jim B. Walter and James L. Hansen. \| Elimination of similar species: Mute Swan by all black bill without knob at base; neck held straight not in S curve Tundra Swan by forehead slanting down to straight bill, black facial skin ending in broad point at eye, not sharp point in front of eye, and dipping down into a V on forehead, not extending straight across \| The original documentation form event lasted from 17:10:00/17:40:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	8	12
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of a Trumpeter Swan at Le Claire, 1989	Administrative records Clippings (information artifacts) Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Rare birds	1989-01-09	1993-08-05	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review of a Trumpeter Swan at Le Claire in Scott County, IA on January 9, 1989. Includes a record review document with votes, an article in Iowa Bird Life, three photocopied photographs, and two documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Petersen, Peter C.	Trumpeter Swan	Le Claire	Channel of Miss. River 1 mi. N. Le Claire IA & Pt Byron IL, Scott & Rock Isl Co	Open pool in main channel of Missippi River	The documentation form by Peter C. Petersen is the earliest and the one that forms the basis of this record. Another documentation form by Diane Porter was submitted from February 25, 1989. Other observers include Mary Lou Petersen, Don Moeller, and Ann Barker. \| Elimination of similar species: Tundra swan- Bill very dark near base in this bird, would be light in Tundra, slope of top of head to bill tip wrong for Tundra, brownish tinge to plumage wrong for Tundra, also long bill. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 09:40:00/09:45:00 and 10:00:00/10:03:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	8	12
Records Committee review for rare bird sighting of Pacific Loon at Saylorville Reservoir, 1989	Administrative records Field notes Photographs	Bird watching Ornithology Ornithology--Societies, etc	1989-10-22	1993-08-05	Rare birds documentation form	Records Committee review for a Pacific Loon at Saylorville Reservoir in Polk County, IA on October 22, 1989. Includes a record review document with votes, a print with three photos and four documentation forms submitted to the committee.	Dinsmore, Stephen J.	Pacific Loon	Saylorville Lake	Saylorville Reservoir, Polk Co.-off dam and Cherry Glen Rec. Area	large reservoir	The documentation form by Steve Dinsmore is the earliest and the one that forms the basis of this record. Other documentation forms by Bob Myers, Ann Johnson, and Ray Cummins were submitted later. Other observers include Becky Myers, Pam Allen, Reed Allen, Eugene Armstrong, and Eloise Armstrong. \| Elimination of similar species: The combination of smaller size, short, straight bill, neck pattern, and contrast between the head and rest of the upperparts eliminates other loons. \| The original documentation form event lasted from 07:46:00/11:56:00.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	7	7