Documents • Iowa State University • Avian Archives of Iowa Online

Title	Genres	Topics	Date (Start)	Date (End)	Type	Description	Creator/Author	Birds	Locations

James J. Dinsmore letter to Bruce Ehresman regarding Short-eared Owls and Northern Harriers , December 28, 1988	Correspondence Field notes	Bird watching Birds--Eggs Birds--Nests Birds--Infancy	1988-12-28	N/A	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	James J. Dinsmore letter to Bruce Ehresman with details on nesting areas of Short-eared Owls and Northern Harriers. This item was submitted past the deadline for the Iowa Ornithologists Union Quarterly Report of summer 1988. This letter is a reply to https://avian.lib.iastate.edu/documents/4318/view	Dinsmore, James J.	Short-eared Owl Northern Harrier	Emmet County Hendrickson Marsh Lake Cayler Prairie State Preserve Hayden Prairie State Wildlife Area Rathbun State Wildlife Area Montour	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	23	6
James J. Dinsmore letter to Jan Schamel regarding a Sedge Wren sighting, July 17, 1986	Correspondence	Bird watching Birds--Habitat	1986-07-17	N/A	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	James J. Dinsmore acknowledges Jan Schamel's report on the sighting of a Sedge Wren. This item was used as supporting documentation for the Iowa Ornithologists Union Quarterly field report of summer 1986.	Dinsmore, James J.	Sedge Wren	Badger Lake	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	22	4
James Delehant letter to Vernon M. Kleen regarding unusual birds sighted during nesting season, August 22, 1972	Correspondence	Bird watching Birds--Nests	1972-08-22	N/A	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	James Delehant letter to Vernon M. Kleen regarding unusual birds sighted during nesting season, August 22, 1972. Twelve species of birds were sighted near Lake Manawa, De Soto Bend Refuge, Beefland International, and Folsom Lake, including the following species: White-faced Ibis, Herring Gull, Least Tern, Chuck-will's Widow, and Blue Grosbeak. This item was used as supporting documentation for the Iowa Ornithologists’ Union Quarterly field report of summer 1972.	Delehant, James	White-faced Ibis Chuck-will's-widow Herring Gull Least Tern Blue Grosbeak	Council Bluffs Folsom Lake Lake Manawa DeSoto National Wildlife Refuge	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	17	11
Jack A. Holloway III letter to Thomas H. Kent regarding bird sightings in May and August 1984	Correspondence Field notes	Bird watching Birds--Nests Birdsongs Birds--Infancy	1984-05-03	1984-08-23	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Jack A. Holloway III letter to Thomas H. Kent regarding bird sightings in May and August 1984. This item was used as supporting documentation for the Iowa Ornithologists’ Union Quarterly field report of fall 1984.	Holloway, Jack A.	Broad-winged Hawk Bell's Vireo Piping Plover Sedge Wren Northern Mockingbird Ovenbird Blue Grosbeak	Stone State Park Louisville Bend Wildlife Area Bronson Sergeant Bluff	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	21	5
Jack A. Holloway III letter to Michael C. Newlon regarding bird sightings, fall 1984	Correspondence Field notes	Bird watching Birdsongs Birds--Infancy	1984-08-01	1984-11-30	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Jack A. Holloway III letter to Michael C. Newlon was regarding bird sightings, fall 1984. This item was used as supporting documentation for the Iowa Ornithologists’ Union Quarterly field report of fall 1984.	Holloway, Jack A.	Broad-winged Hawk Carolina Wren Le Conte's Sparrow Orange-crowned Warbler Black-throated Blue Warbler Yellow-rumped Warbler	Ames Hendrickson Marsh Lake Stone State Park Brookside Park Pammel Woods	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	21	5
J. Donald Gillaspey letter to Woodward H. Brown regarding birds sighted during fall 1971, November 12, 1971	Correspondence	Bird watching	1971-11-12	N/A	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	J. Donald Gillaspey letter to Woodward H. Brown, dated November 12, 1971, described birds he saw near Lamoni, Iowa during fall of 1971. Underlined in red were one Piping Plover and Shrikes, Northern. This item was used as supporting documentation for the Iowa Ornithologists’ Union Quarterly field report of fall 1971.	Gillaspey, J. Donald	Piping Plover Northern Shrike	Lamoni	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	17	10
J. Donald Gillaspey letter to Michael C. Newlon regarding birds seen during fall 1984	Correspondence Field notes	Bird watching Birds--Identification Accipitridae \| Hawks and Eagles Birds--Infancy	1984-08-01	1984-11-30	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	J. Donald Gillaspey letter to Michael C. Newlon was regarding birds seen during fall 1984. He and three other observers saw five bird species near Lamoni, including an immature Pine Grosbeak. This item was used as supporting documentation for the Iowa Ornithologists’ Union Quarterly field report of fall 1984.	Gillaspey, J. Donald	Bald Eagle Red-tailed Hawk Brewer's Blackbird Loggerhead Shrike Pine Grosbeak Northern Harrier	Council Bluffs Des Moines Lamoni	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	21	5
Iowa RBA, August 9-12, 1999	Correspondence Field notes	Bird feeders Bird watching Birds--Identification Birds--Migration Birdsongs Scolopacidae \| Sandpipers, Phalaropes, and allies Charadriiformes \| Shore-birds, Gulls, and Auks Parulidae \| Warblers Dial-a-message telephone calls	1999-08-09	1999-08-12	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Iowa RBA updates for August 9-12, 1999. Highlights of the updates include sightings of five Little Blue Herons, a Snowy Egret, and a Greater Roadrunner. Included are four Iowa RBA updates and an email from Karl Jungbluth to the IA-BIRD mailing list about the beginning of the passerine migration.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union Fuller, James L	American Avocet Little Blue Heron Henslow's Sparrow Greater Roadrunner Snowy Egret Cattle Egret White-rumped Sandpiper Stilt Sandpiper Chestnut-sided Warbler Red-breasted Nuthatch	Hawkeye Wildlife Management Area Iowa City Nebraska City Mahaska County Montezuma Babcock Access Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge Devil's Creek Access New Sharon Swan Lake Township	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	44	4
Iowa RBA, September 9, 1996	Correspondence Field notes	Bird watching Charadriiformes \| Shore-birds, Gulls, and Auks Hirundinidae \| Swallows Parulidae \| Warblers Dial-a-message telephone calls	1996-09-09	1996-09-12	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Iowa RBA update for September 9, 1996. Highlights of the update include a Black-throated Blue Warbler, two Snowy Egrets, and immature Little Blue Herons. Included are handwritten notes for the next week's update with sightings of a Yellow-rumped Warbler, a Red-necked Phalarope, and a Ringed Turtle-Dove. Also included is an email from Ann Johnson to James L. Fuller regarding multiple bird sightings, September 12, 1996.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union Johnson, Ann Fuller, James L	Least Bittern Little Blue Heron Golden-winged Warbler Snowy Egret Greater Prairie-Chicken Red Phalarope Ringed Turtle-Dove Ruddy Turnstone Sanderling Red-necked Phalarope Olive-sided Flycatcher Black-throated Blue Warbler Yellow-rumped Warbler Canada Warbler Mourning Warbler Buff-breasted Sandpiper Common Tern American Golden Plover	Cardinal Marsh State Wildlife Area Christopherson Slough / Little Swan Lake Wildlife Management Area Cone Marsh Wildlife Management Area Five Ridge Prairie State Preserve Hawkeye Wildlife Management Area Hickory Hill Park Mason City Union Slough National Wildlife Refuge Coralville Brookside Park Casey Barrow Landing Prairie City Rock Creek Lake Swan Lake Heron Bend Conservation Area	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	43	4
Iowa RBA, September 18, 1995	Correspondence Field notes	Bird watching Birds--Identification Dial-a-message telephone calls	1995-09-18	N/A	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Iowa RBA update for September 18, 1995. Highlights of the update include sightings of Yellow Rail, Mississippi Kite, White Ibis, Red-necked Phalarope and a Snowy Egret.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union Fuller, James L	Mississippi Kite White Ibis Yellow Rail Snowy Egret American Pipit Sora Sanderling Red-necked Phalarope Connecticut Warbler Great Blue Heron	Coralville Lake Jester Park Snake Creek State Game Management Area Union Slough National Wildlife Refuge Windsor Heights Sandpiper Recreation Area	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	43	2
Iowa RBA, November 20, 1995	Correspondence Field notes	Bird feeders Bird watching Birds--Identification Selasphorus Dial-a-message telephone calls	1995-11-20	N/A	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Iowa RBA update for November 20, 1995. Highlights of the update include sightings of an Iceland Gull, Black-legged Kittiwake, Red-throated Loon, Glaucous Gull, White-winged Scoter, Gyrfalcon, and a Prairie Falcon. Also included are handwritten notes for the next week’s update with sightings of five Common Redpolls and several Pine Siskins.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union Fuller, James L	Prairie Falcon Red-throated Loon Gyrfalcon Common Redpoll Black Scoter Iceland Gull Black-legged Kittiwake White-winged Scoter Glaucous Gull Pine Siskin	Bay Branch Jasper County Liscomb Pleasant Creek State Park Saylorville Dam Saylorville Lake Black Hawk Lake Oak Grove Recreation Area	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	43	2
Iowa RBA, May 8-10, 1995	Correspondence Field notes	Bird watching Birds--Nests Vireonidae \| Vireos Parulidae \| Warblers Dial-a-message telephone calls	1995-05-08	1995-05-10	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Iowa RBA update for May 8-10, 1995. Highlights of the update include sightings of a Scissor-tailed Flycatcher, Sandhill Crane, the continued presence of a Laughing Gull, a nesting pair of Bewick's Wrens and two Cattle Egrets. Also included are handwritten notes for the next week’s update with sightings of nineteen warbler species including a Yellow-breasted Chat and three Cape Mays.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union Fuller, James L	Summer Tanager Yellow-breasted Chat Clay-colored Sparrow Bewick's Wren Cattle Egret Scissor-tailed Flycatcher Short-billed Dowitcher Cape May Warbler Sandhill Crane Laughing Gull	Cedar Lake Cone Marsh Wildlife Management Area Forneys Lake Lacey-Keosauqua State Park Riverton Wildlife Management Area Tomahawk Marsh Wildlife Management Area Blue Wing Marsh Colo Bogs Wildlife Management Area Kalona	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	43	1
Iowa RBA, May 22-24, 1995	Correspondence Field notes	Bird watching Birds--Nests Birdsongs Dial-a-message telephone calls	1995-05-22	1995-05-24	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Iowa RBA update for May 22-24, 1995. Highlights of the update include sightings of Glossy Ibis, White-faced Ibis, two nests of Barn Owls, Whimbrel, Common Moorhen and a Red-necked Phalarope.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union Fuller, James L	American Avocet White-faced Ibis Alder Flycatcher Western Tanager Barn Owl Common Moorhen Glossy Ibis Whimbrel Ruddy Turnstone Red-necked Phalarope Connecticut Warbler	Algona Hickory Hill Park Riverton Wildlife Management Area Tomahawk Marsh Wildlife Management Area Black Hawk Lake Anderson Goose Lake Bedford New Lake Blairsburg	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	43	1
Iowa RBA, May 15-17, 1995	Correspondence Field notes	Bird feeders Bird watching Parulidae \| Warblers Dial-a-message telephone calls	1995-05-15	1995-05-17	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Iowa RBA update for May 15-17, 1995. Highlights of the update include sightings of a Laughing Gull, the continued presence of a Red-necked Phalarope and White-faced Ibis, King Rail, Black-headed Grosbeak and two Mississippi Kites.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union Fuller, James L	Mississippi Kite White-faced Ibis American Bittern Black-headed Grosbeak Dunlin White-rumped Sandpiper Red-necked Phalarope Black-throated Blue Warbler Laughing Gull King Rail	Coralville Lake Des Moines Iowa City Saylorville Lake Story County Tomahawk Marsh Wildlife Management Area Warren County Coon Creek Wildlife Management Area	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	43	1
Iowa RBA, May 1, 1995	Correspondence Field notes	Bird watching Birds--Nests Birdsongs Parulidae \| Warblers Dial-a-message telephone calls	1995-05-01	N/A	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Iowa RBA update for May 1, 1995. Highlights of the update include sightings of the continued presence of a Fish Crow, two Bewick's Wrens, Long-tailed Duck, Yellow Rail, and several species of warblers. Also included are handwritten notes for the next week’s update with sightings of three Great-tailed Grackles and Long-billed Dowitchers.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union Fuller, James L	Fish Crow Bewick's Wren Long-tailed Duck Yellow Rail Wilson's Phalarope Long-billed Dowitcher Peregrine Falcon Sora Prairie Warbler Great-tailed Grackle	Cone Marsh Wildlife Management Area Otter Creek Marsh State Wildlife Refuge Sioux City Black Hawk Lake Carroll County Colo Bogs Wildlife Management Area Kalona Port Louisa Cemetery	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	43	1
Iowa RBA, March 11-24, 1996	Correspondence Field notes	Bird feeders Bird watching Birds--Identification Anseriformes \| Ducks, Geese, and Swans Waterfowl Dial-a-message telephone calls	1996-03-11	1996-03-24	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Iowa RBA update for March 11-24, 1996. Highlights of the update include sightings of a female White-winged Scoter, a first year Glaucous Gull, Thayer's Gulls and a female White-winged Crossbill.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union Fuller, James L	Thayer's Gull Mountain Bluebird White-winged Crossbill Common Redpoll Trumpeter Swan Greater Yellowlegs White-winged Scoter Glaucous Gull Tundra Swan Northern Shrike	Cone Marsh Wildlife Management Area Hidden Bridge Wildlife Area Lock and Dam 14 Squaw Creek Regional Park Green Island Heron Bend Conservation Area Cosgrove	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	43	3
Iowa RBA, March 11-14, 1996	Correspondence Field notes	Bird feeders Bird watching Birds--Identification Anseriformes \| Ducks, Geese, and Swans Dial-a-message telephone calls	1996-03-11	1996-03-14	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Iowa RBA update for March 11-14, 1996. Highlights of the update include sightings of a White-winged Scoter, Glaucous Gull, Thayer's Gull, White-winged Crossbill and a Saw-whet Owl.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union Fuller, James L	Northern Flicker Prairie Falcon Thayer's Gull Turkey Vulture White-winged Crossbill Greater Yellowlegs White-winged Scoter Glaucous Gull Northern Saw-whet Owl Tundra Swan	Cone Marsh Wildlife Management Area Hawkeye Wildlife Management Area Johnson County Lock and Dam 14 Squaw Creek Regional Park Shimek State Forest Wildlife Management Area - Farmington Unit Heron Bend Conservation Area Wall Lake Cemetery	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	43	3
Iowa RBA, March 10, 1997	Correspondence Field notes	Bird watching Birds--Migration Anseriformes \| Ducks, Geese, and Swans Waterfowl Dial-a-message telephone calls	1997-03-10	N/A	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Iowa RBA update for March 10, 1997. Highlights of the update include many new arrivals to the state, including American White Pelicans, Turkey Vultures, and an Eastern Phoebe. Also of note was the continued presence of at least one Great Gray Owl and an immature Pinyon Jay as well as the observation of a first-year Thayer's Gull. Also included are handwritten notes for the next week's update with sightings of American Woodcocks and a Sandhill Crane.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union Fuller, James L	Thayer's Gull Turkey Vulture Mute Swan American White Pelican Ross' Goose Barnacle Goose American Woodcock Great Gray Owl Eastern Phoebe Pinyon Jay Peregrine Falcon Canada Goose Sandhill Crane Northern Shrike	Burlington Cedar Rapids Claybanks Forest Clear Lake Cone Marsh Wildlife Management Area Green Castle Recreation Area Lee County Montrose Rathbun Lake Mississippi River, Iowa Black Hawk Lake Boone County Swan Lake State Park Lake Darling	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	43	5
Iowa RBA, June 5, 1995	Correspondence Field notes	Bird watching Birdsongs Dial-a-message telephone calls	1995-06-05	N/A	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Iowa RBA update for June 5, 1995. Highlights of the update include sightings of a MacGillivray's Warbler, Mississippi Kite, Sandhill Crane, Piping Plover and Glossy and White-faced Ibis. Also included are handwritten notes for the next week’s update with sightings of a male Prairie Warbler and a Yellow-throated Warbler.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union Fuller, James L	Mississippi Kite White-faced Ibis Yellow-throated Warbler Glossy Ibis Snowy Egret Cattle Egret MacGillivray's Warbler Piping Plover Prairie Warbler Sandhill Crane	Des Moines Fremont County Lake Macbride State Park Otter Creek Marsh State Wildlife Refuge Hardin County	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	43	1
Iowa RBA, June 3-6, 1996	Correspondence Field notes	Bird feeders Bird watching Birds--Identification Birds--Nests Nest building Birds--Infancy Dial-a-message telephone calls	1996-06-03	1996-06-06	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Iowa RBA update for June 3-6, 1996. Highlights of the update include sightings of Western Grebe, a pair of Red-breasted Nuthatches, a male Lazuli Bunting, Mississippi Kites and three Peregrine Falcon chicks.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union Fuller, James L	Swainson's Hawk Mississippi Kite Lazuli Bunting Western Grebe Peregrine Falcon Red-breasted Nuthatch	Clay County Des Moines George Wyth Memorial State Park Hartman Reserve Nature Center Spencer Windsor Heights	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	43	3
Iowa RBA, June 26-28, 1995	Correspondence Field notes	Bird watching Birds--Identification Birdsongs Parulidae \| Warblers Dial-a-message telephone calls	1995-06-26	1995-06-28	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Iowa RBA update for June 26-28, 1995. Highlights of the update include sightings of two Yellow-crowned Night Herons, Prairie Warblers, Mississippi Kites, Least Terns and Piping Plovers.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union Fuller, James L	Mississippi Kite Summer Tanager Yellow-breasted Chat Chuck-will's-widow Least Tern Yellow-Crowned Night Heron Piping Plover Acadian Flycatcher Cerulean Warbler Prairie Warbler	Clive Lake Macbride State Park Waubonsie State Park Yellow River State Forest Shimek State Forest Wildlife Management Area - Croton Unit MidAmerican Energy Ponds Sullivan Slough	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	43	2
Iowa RBA, June 23, 1997	Correspondence Field notes	Bird watching Dial-a-message telephone calls	1997-06-23	N/A	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Iowa RBA update for June 23, 1997. Highlights of the update include a Black-headed Gull, a Laughing Gull, a Whimbrel and a Marbled Godwit. Also of note were observations of Mississippi Kites at multiple locations in the central part of the state and Prairie Warblers in Johnson County. Also included are handwritten notes for the next week's update with sightings of a Worm-eating Warbler, a Least Tern, and a Bell's Vireo.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union Fuller, James L	Broad-winged Hawk Swainson's Hawk Mississippi Kite Least Bittern Marbled Godwit Bell's Vireo Summer Tanager Henslow's Sparrow White-throated Sparrow Yellow-throated Warbler Snowy Plover Whimbrel Least Tern Piping Plover Willet Northern Mockingbird Cerulean Warbler Worm-eating Warbler Prairie Warbler Great-tailed Grackle Laughing Gull Black-headed Gull American Golden Plover Northern Bobwhite	Booneville Clive Dan Green Slough Wildlife Management Area George Wyth Memorial State Park Kettleson Hogsback Wildlife Management Area Lacey-Keosauqua State Park Lake Macbride State Park Ledges State Park Lime Creek Nature Center Mason City Sac County Greenwood Park West Des Moines Wanata State Park Shimek State Forest Wildlife Management Area - Croton Unit Casey Barrow Landing New Lake Martin Area County Park Voas Nature Area	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	43	5
Iowa RBA, June 16, 1997	Correspondence Field notes	Bird watching Dial-a-message telephone calls	1997-06-16	N/A	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Iowa RBA update for June 16, 1997. Highlights of the update include sightings of a Snowy Plover, Black-billed Magpies, a Prairie Warbler, and a Western Grebe. Also included are handwritten notes for the next week's update with sightings of a Laughing Gull, Mississippi Kites, and Black-headed Gulls.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union Fuller, James L	Swainson's Hawk Mississippi Kite Upland Sandpiper Henslow's Sparrow Black-billed Magpie Yellow-throated Warbler Western Grebe Snowy Plover Common Loon Black-billed Cuckoo Acadian Flycatcher Veery Blue-winged Warbler Northern Parula Cerulean Warbler Louisiana Waterthrush Kentucky Warbler Prairie Warbler Laughing Gull Black-headed Gull	Hartman Reserve Nature Center Kettleson Hogsback Wildlife Management Area Lacey-Keosauqua State Park Lake Macbride State Park Ledges State Park Linn County Rathbun Lake Sac County Westfield Shimek State Forest Wildlife Management Area - Croton Unit Waterworks Park Silver Lake Rock Creek State Park	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	43	5
Iowa RBA, June 12, 1995	Correspondence Field notes	Bird watching Birds--Nests Birdsongs Parulidae \| Warblers Birds--Infancy Dial-a-message telephone calls	1995-06-12	N/A	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Iowa RBA update for June 12, 1995. Highlights of the update include sightings of a Bewick's Wren that fledged seven young and a Prairie Warbler. Also included are handwritten notes for the next week’s update with sightings of a Hen Harrier and fifteen very late Semipalmated Sandpipers.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union Fuller, James L	Semipalmated Sandpiper Bewick's Wren Yellow-throated Warbler Chuck-will's-widow Blue-winged Warbler Kentucky Warbler Prairie Warbler Northern Harrier	Lake Macbride State Park Stephens State Forest - Lucas Unit Kalona	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	43	1
Iowa RBA, July 31-August 3, 1995	Correspondence Field notes	Bird watching Birds--Identification Charadriiformes \| Shore-birds, Gulls, and Auks Dial-a-message telephone calls	1995-07-31	1995-08-03	Manuscript, graphic, and printed material	Iowa RBA update for July 31-August 3, 1995. Highlights of the update include sightings of a juvenile Sharp-tailed Sandpiper, Buff-breasted Sandpiper, Piping Plover, an immature Snowy Egret, a white immature Little Blue Heron, Ruddy Turnstone, Short-billed Dowitcher and a Willet.	Iowa Ornithologists' Union Fuller, James L	Little Blue Heron Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Barn Owl Snowy Egret Trumpeter Swan Piping Plover Willet Ruddy Turnstone Short-billed Dowitcher Buff-breasted Sandpiper	Guthrie County Mills County Waubonsie State Park Casey Barrow Landing Island View Park Bedford Babcock Access Cosgrove	Iowa Ornithologists' Union \| MS 166	43	2